Power and feminist bioethics
Wendy A. Rogers, Jackie Leach Scully, Stacy M. Carter, Vikki A. Entwistle, Catherine Mills in The Routledge Handbook of Feminist Bioethics, 2022
The concept of intersectionality should not, however, only appear as a stand-in for marginalization and oppression. In using intersectionality as a framework in the context of the clinic, Wilson and colleagues write that “it is important to recognize how all aspects of one’s identity – not just areas of marginalization – intersect and manifest themselves in and impact clinical interactions even while paying careful attention to the ways that intersectional identities sometimes beget disadvantage” (Wilson et al. 2019: 9). Intersectionality adds a multidimensional approach to account for the broader structural and institutional dimensions and forces that “create patterns of oppression, marginalization, and health disparities” (Wilson et al. 2019: 10). Intersectionality therefore reminds us that understanding the many facets of power-over, beyond gendered power imbalance, is work that needs to be continually undertaken by feminists, and feminist bioethicists.
Obtaining Informed Consent for Research Studies
Lynne M. Bianchi in Research during Medical Residency, 2022
In addition to identified vulnerable populations (pregnant women, children, prisoners, cognitively impaired individuals), you are likely to discuss your study with members of various marginalized groups. Marginalization may stem from one's level of education, socio-economic status, disability status, race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, or any other defining characteristic. Some individuals in these groups may be especially susceptible to feelings of coercion and undue influence. As with all consent and assent (Box 9.3) conversations, pay attention to how an individual reacts to your presentation and, if necessary, adapt your approach to encourage dialogue and questions.
Immediate tasks and bigger picture
John A. Bilorusky in Principles and Methods of Transformative Action Research, 2021
Indeed, neoliberalism is so pervasive and powerful that it can often co-opt or even undermine some of our best intentions. Recently, my friend, Dr. Joyce King,1 suggested to me the useful distinction between “transformative multiculturalism” (or inclusiveness) and “neoliberal multiculturalism.” Without going into an in-depth analysis here, let me present some of my insights that were evoked by Dr. King’s articulation of this distinction. Neoliberal multiculturalism conveys the view that institutional practices are “color blind,” and that “inclusiveness” means the opportunity to compete in what is assumed to be the level playing field of the meritocracy. It allows individuals but not groups of marginalized people to become an “included minority,” if one can check off a non-mainstream box to describe oneself on a job application. In the latter case, “being a minority” becomes a commodity to be used for personal advancement, so that ironically where many decades ago, one “drop” of non-white blood relegated one to being racially oppressed, now one “drop” of non-white blood or some other criterion of “differentness” can single one out for a relatively rare opportunity. Still, in the midst of these “opportunities” for individuals (leaving aside the issue of whether or not some people might exaggerate the relevance of their “differentness”), the oppression and marginalization of many groups continues and even increases dramatically. This is especially the case for African Americans and Native Americans, but also true for some other groups as well.
Social citizenship when living with dementia: A qualitative meta-study
Published in Journal of Occupational Science, 2023
Hanne Peoples, Jakob Varming, Hanne Kaae Kristensen
The Western notion of citizenship is understood as membership of society organized as a hierarchy of status, expressed by differential legal and customary rights; a social contract that implies free and equal status among those who are accepted as members. As such, it may exclude many marginalized groups of people from benefits, rights, and responsibilities, for example due to age, race, gender, or sexual orientation (Glenn, 2000; Hilario et al., 2018). Marginalization is thus not limited to certain minority groups, but is experienced by a vast number of people who are dependent on healthcare and welfare services for various reasons (Guajardo & Mondaca, 2017). People who experience marginalization, such as PWD, often experience stigmatization due to stereotypical categorization and struggle to have their rights and social worth recognized in an era that overvalues individuality, productivity, and youth (Applewhite, 2016; Brannelly, 2016). However, although citizenship has received interest as an important cross-disciplinary concept within occupational science (ENOTHE, 2013; Hamer et al., 2017; Trentham & Neysmith, 2018), research that explores citizenship in connection with dementia from an occupational perspective, understood as “a way of looking at or thinking about human doing” (Njelesani et al., 2014, p. 233), is still limited.
Diversity in the Australian speech-language pathology workforce: Addressing Sustainable Development Goals 3, 4, 8, and 10
Published in International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 2023
Susan Nancarrow, Nicole McGill, Stacey Baldac, Tara Lewis, Anna Moran, Nichola Harris, Trish Johnson, Gail Mulcair
Intersectionality recognises the intersection of multiple different forms of marginalisation such as gender, ethnicity/race, sexuality, and socioeconomic status, with other systems of power, including class and disability (Crenshaw, 1989). Personal characteristics and aspects of individual identity or culture co-exist and interact without being reduced to singular positions (Styhre & Eriksson‐Zetterquist, 2008). Intersectionality provides a lens for gaining insight into inequalities faced by service users in achieving good health and well-being (SDG 3), quality education (SDG 4) and decolonisation of curriculum, as well as considering strengths and challenges among the professions in ensuring decent work and economic growth (SDG 8), and reduced inequalities (SDG 10). An intersectional perspective provides a way to understand diversity that challenges entrenched stereotypes and normative perspectives while embracing the “political nature of transforming health and social systems towards social justice” (Delbridge, Jovanovski et al., 2022, p. 91).
Interpersonal or Institutional: Understanding Service User Oppression in Social Service Organizations Through Staff Interactions
Published in Journal of Progressive Human Services, 2023
Susan Ramsundarsingh, Micheal L. Shier
Within HSOs, service users experience Young’s (1990) conditions of oppression through institutional oppression, as well as interpersonal oppression. Institutional oppression refers to the “ways that institutions are ideologically or practically oriented to privilege certain groups and marginalize others” (Hyland & Heuschkel, 2010, p. 822). Marginalization may take the form of inequitable access to “products, services, opportunities and power” (Mojab, 2015, p. 32) due to an identifying characteristic such as class, gender, age, ability, race, or sexual orientation. Because institutional oppression is often the result of practices considered to be normal everyday practices it can be difficult to identify. Institutional oppression may be the result of policies, practices, workplace culture, and structures (Mojab, 2015). Addressing institutional oppression to prevent service user experiences of oppression may include changing organizational policies and practices that contribute to institutional oppression as well as advocacy to change external institutions that constrain the organization or directly oppress service users.
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