Rescaling
Celia Lury, Rachel Fensham, Alexandra Heller-Nicholas, Sybille Lammes, Angela Last, Mike Michael, Emma Uprichard in Routledge Handbook of Interdisciplinary Research Methods, 2018
Like all ways of knowing, such methods have limitations. Tools such as the Herfindahl–Hirschman index, for example, which measures levels of industry concentration using a scale from 0 to 1, rely on the kind of financial data that is normally only available for publicly listed companies. From this perspective, a lot of what passes for industry research has an in-built bias towards large, listed firms, which are often taken to be constitutive of industry more generally. In other words, standard tools of economic analysis tend to reflect and produce certain ideas about what industries are – ideas that are culturally and historically specific. This particular model does not always translate well to cultural and media industry research, for example, because some parts of these industries have quite different organizational logics.
Paper 3
Aalia Khan, Ramsey Jabbour, Almas Rehman in nMRCGP Applied Knowledge Test Study Guide, 2021
Which one of the following is not true about economic analysis? It involves the use of analysis to define choices in resource allocation.It takes into account direct, indirect and intangible costs.Cost/benefit analysis measures the outcome in monetary units.Cost-utility analysis measures outcomes in monetary units.Cost-effectiveness analysis compares expenditure with outcome.
The Role of the Economist in Life Care Planning
Roger O. Weed, Debra E. Berens in Life Care Planning and Case Management Handbook, 2018
The structure of the life care plan, including what elements are covered, will differ to some extent from author to author. Experience has shown, however, that there are a number of consistent patterns that emerge, some of which will cause difficulty for economic analysis (Dillman, 1987, 1988). The areas of concern from an economic point of view include: Cost categoriesItems that should be includedTiming of the itemsThe use of a range or annual averages of costsEmphasis placed on trivial items
Incentives and disincentives to drug innovation: evidence from recent literature
Published in Journal of Medical Economics, 2019
In analyzing the relationship between price and innovation, one might compare the American free market system with the role of public policy in other highly industrialized countries. In much of Europe and Canada, “national authorities are responsible for evaluating the innovative characteristics of new therapies and translating their benefits over current standards of care into their price calculations”30. That is to say that regulators “judge the clinical worth of a drug and insist that its price matches its perceived value”30. Common outcome metrics, such as QALY (quality-adjusted life years) and DALY (disability-adjusted life years), are used in European countries like Great Britain to determine the cost-effectiveness value and decision-making opportunity cost of drug and medical device treatments, and to set government (insurer) payment or reimbursement thresholds30,31. The Canadian system, on the other hand, uses a cost-effectiveness range for incremental cost per QALY values, but it is not consistently applied. Other forms of economic analysis used there are cost-utility, cost-minimization and cost-comparison32.
A systematic review of economic analyses of home-based telerehabilitation
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2022
Alisa Grigorovich, Min Xi, Natascha Lam, Maureen Pakosh, Brian C. F. Chan
Due to wide heterogeneity across economic analysis study designs and methods, as well as the lack of agreed methods for pooling combined estimates of cost-effectiveness, a meta-analysis is not feasible nor recommended [19]. As such, a narrative synthesis of the studies was done instead to compare and evaluate the methods used and the principal findings among studies. This began with grouping the studies by type of economic analysis (e.g., cost analysis vs. economic evaluation) as well as type of rehabilitation (e.g., cardiac vs. musculoskeletal) and describing study participants, types of conditions and interventions, and cost outcomes. This was followed by identifying similarities and differences in findings within and across groups to explore the completeness of the evidence base and to identify gaps.
Effectiveness of information and communications technology interventions for stroke survivors and their support people: a systematic review
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2022
Megan Freund, Mariko Carey, Sophie Dilworth, Amy Waller, Elise Mansfield, Anna Rose, Renate Thienel, Lisa Hyde
It is clear from this review that further high-quality studies are required to advance the understanding of ICT-based interventions for improving outcomes for stroke survivors and their SPs. Only 17 robust intervention studies were identified and 4 of these were pilot studies. Of the included studies, only three were deemed not at risk of introduced bias [26,27,30], indicating that research in this field should aim to increase the robustness of study design. Although the wellbeing of SPs is a focus of guidelines internationally [45–47], only three studies examined outcomes for SPs. Effective interventions for SPs need to be identified given the significant demands of providing care, care which considerably determines stroke survivor’s outcomes. Further, not all studies measured if the ICT-interventions had a meaningful impact on stroke survivor’s lives (e.g., participation in everyday life, psychological wellbeing, quality of life, health service use). Promoting functional independence and social participation is a key goal of stroke rehabilitation [48]. Including measurement of these type of outcomes is of vital importance in understanding whether interventions have an effect on this ultimate goal of stroke rehabilitation. Lastly, only two studies included an economic analysis and was one of the pilot studies [29,30]. Economic analysis is important as it informs decisions regarding how to allocate research and health care resources.
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