Products of Conception
Carlos Simón, Carmen Rubio in Handbook of Genetic Diagnostic Technologies in Reproductive Medicine, 2022
The percentage of samples that presented MCC in our study was 12.8%. Both aCGH and NGS were comparable and did not exhibit significant differences in MCC rate (10.8% with aCGH vs. 13.6% with NGS). Some studies using molecular techniques, such as SNP microarrays, showed that the percentage of MCC exceeded 20% (22%) (34). As mentioned above, our group carried out an internal study (unpublished data) before the clinical program in which DNA extractions were performed in different locations of the received POC samples. In these samples, STR analysis was first performed and compared to the maternal DNA result to assess the minimum number of subsamples necessary to optimize the identification of a subsample without maternal contamination. Such multi-sampling comprises three, six, or up to nine dissections of the POC rather than just one. In this study, we were able to verify that after three subsamples with a MCC profile, it was not necessary to carry out further dissections to see if fetal tissue could be found. Due to multi-sampling, we were able to reduce the percentage of MCC to below 13%.
DNA Analysis
Steven H. Y. Wong, Iraving Sunshine in Handbook of Analytical Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Toxicology, 2017
STR tandem arrays are generally much smaller than LTRs, with a mean length on the order of 200 bp. There are more than 30,000 separate STR loci in the human genome. STRs have many of the same properties as RFLP VNTR loci, including high heterozygosity. However, because they are shorter, they can be discretely analyzed on acrylamide gels to the resolution of a single repeat unit, or single nucleotide base. Their small size makes them less susceptible to allelic dropout or preferential amplification. This greatly enhances the utility of STR analysis for degraded samples. STR analysis is easier to perform in combined sets and on automated instrumentation. With sufficient numbers of STR systems, discriminatory powers similar to current RFLP testing can be achieved.
Forensic Genetics and Genomic
Cristoforo Pomara, Vittorio Fineschi in Forensic and Clinical Forensic Autopsy, 2020
Many samples recovered from CSs yield only nanogram or picogram amounts of DNA that is sometimes degraded; due to these reasons, PCR (polymerase chain reaction)-based STR analysis is of higher throughput so that more samples can be analyzed in less time. Ideally, STR loci for forensic use are physically separated enough so that they are inherited independently of each other (i.e., not genetically linked) (Edwards et al., 1991; Chakraborty et al., 1999; van Oorschot et al., 2010). Moreover, some polymorphic regions could be located on sex chromosomes, X-STR, and Y-STR, which are very useful in several complex cases, like sexual assault (Tie and Uchigasaki, 2013; Israr et al., 2014; Kayser, 2017).
Geolocation prediction from STR genotyping: a pilot study in five geographically distinct global populations
Published in Annals of Human Biology, 2023
Mansi Arora, Hirak Ranjan Dash
STR markers are highly versatile and have been extensively studied for their individualisation capabilities in various populations. Autosomal STR markers, mini-STRs (Nieuwerburgh et al. 2014), Y-STR haplotype prediction (Kayser 2017), X-STR analysis in sample limiting conditions (Yang et al. 2017), and rapidly mutating (RM) STRs for individualisation (Ballantyne et al. 2014) have been widely used for forensic DNA analysis purposes. STR analysis is being performed to solve cases such as paternity disputes, identification, murder, sexual assault, etc. without giving any investigative leads. The use of such markers in other applications besides individualisation has been explored a little to date, such as monitoring of haematopoietic chimerism in patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (Tilanus 2006), matching between organ donor and recipients (Mishra et al. 2020) and cell line identification (Reid et al. 2017).
Activation of CXCL12-CXCR4 signalling induces conversion of immortalised embryonic kidney cells into cancer stem-like cells
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2020
Seung-ick Oh, Hyesun Jeong, Hang-soo Park, Kyung-Ah Choi, Insik Hwang, Jiyun Lee, Jeonghee Cho, Sunghoi Hong
To further examine whether the observed mesenchymal cell morphology of iCSC was originated via the process of an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), we analysed the expression levels of EMT-related genes. The iCSC lines showed high expression levels of the mesenchymal-associated genes such as Twist1, Snail, Slug, Zeb1, vimentin, and fibronectin compared to the 293FT cell line (2.77 ± 2–4.54 ± 2-fold), while the expression level of E-cadherin was dramatically decreased in the 293FT cell line (Figure 1(e)). These data were consistent with those from our immunostaining analysis (Figure 1(f) and Figure S1(g)) although there was no significant difference in N-cadherin expression between the iCSCs and the 293FT cell line (Figure 1(e)). In addition, we confirmed that the iCSC lines were derived from 293FT cells via short tandem repeat (STR) analysis with the 16 polymorphic DNA markers (Table S1). Taken together, we concluded that the iCSC lines were generated from 293FT cells through an EMT process under coculture with BM-MSCs.
Genetic diversity and forensic parameters of 12 X-STR included in Argus X-12® marker panel in the population of the Russian Federation
Published in Annals of Human Biology, 2021
Andrei Semikhodskii, Yevgeniy Krassotkin, Tatiana Makarova, Vladislav Zavarin, Viktoria Ilina, Daria Sutyagina
X-chromosome specific short tandem repeats (X-STR) have become an indispensable tool for kinship determination and forensic casework (Szibor 2007). Forensic applications of X-STR analysis include disaster victim identification, investigating of incest cases, and in the case of a daughter, X-STR analysis may provide important information even when the alleged father is absent (Gomes et al. 2020). X-STR markers are especially useful in resolving kinship and paternity disputes. They can provide additional important information when autosomal analysis produces inconclusive and even unrelated results. Compared with autosomes, X-chromosomal markers may have greater statistical power in trios, in paternity duos with daughters, and in maternity duos with sons. In paternity deficiency cases, when the alleged father is not available, X-STR can provide even more reliable information than that obtained by autosomal STR analysis (Gomes et al. 2020).
Related Knowledge Centers
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