Applications of Radioisotopes in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Disorders
Madan Laxman Kapre in Thyroid Surgery, 2020
Ectopic thyroid: Embryologically, the thyroglossal duct extends from the foramen cecum at the base of the tongue to the thyroid. Lingual or upper cervical thyroid tissue can present in the neonate or child as a midline mass, often accompanied by hypothyroidism. Ectopic thyroid tissue may occur in the mediastinum or even in the pelvis (struma ovarii). The typical appearance of a lingual thyroid is a focal or nodular accumulation at the base of the tongue and absence of tracer uptake in the expected cervical location. Lateral thyroid rests may be hypofunctional, functional, hyperfunctional, or be the focus of thyroid cancer. Ectopic thyroid tissue should be considered metastatic until proved otherwise (Figure 21.2a–d). Anterior and lateral views show the single focus of increased tracer uptake in the superior aspect of the neck with no evidence of tracer uptake in thyroid bed—suggestive of ectopic thyroid tissue, likely lingual thyroid.
Endocrine disorders
Brice Antao, S Irish Michael, Anthony Lander, S Rothenberg MD Steven in Succeeding in Paediatric Surgery Examinations, 2017
Which of the options presented above is the most appropriate treatment for the following scenarios? Each option may be used once, more than once, or not at all. A 6-year-old girl, found to have a mass at the base of the tongue on a routine evaluation for sore throat. Her height, weight and growth velocity were normal for age, and she had no signs or symptoms of hypothyroidism. Thyroid function tests revealed compensated hypothyroidism. A technetium scan showed enhancement at the base of the tongue, but no activity within the neck, confirming the diagnosis of lingual thyroid.A 14-year-old girl presented with enlargement of the thyroid gland and exophthalmos. After 2 years of therapy, her hyperthyroid state persisted.A 15-year-old female with a history of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, presenting with enlarged thyroid. Antimicrosomal autoantibodies are elevated.
Thyroid ultrasound imaging
Demetrius Pertsemlidis, William B. Inabnet III, Michel Gagner in Endocrine Surgery, 2017
Ectopic thyroid tissue is not easily evaluated by US and is generally diagnosed with a nuclear medicine I-131 scan, which can easily survey the entire body for ectopic thyroid tissue. When present, ectopic thyroid tissue is most commonly seen between the foramen cecum in the tongue and the epiglottis, otherwise called a lingual thyroid. This entity is seen in approximately 1 in 10,000 healthy individuals [5]. Ectopic thyroid sites also include sublingual, paralaryngeal, intratracheal, and infrasternal [5].
Exstirpation of symptomatic lingual thyroid with transoral robotic surgery (TORS): A promising novel treatment option
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica Case Reports, 2022
Jonas Bruneau, Charbél Talani, Johan S. Nilsson
The thyroid gland originates from the pharyngeal pouches that later form the base of the tongue and migrates caudally during the fifth to seventh week of gestation. Migration failure during the embryological descent leads to an ectopic thyroid. It may arise anywhere along the midline of the neck but is most frequently found in the base of the tongue, i.e. a lingual thyroid (LT) [1]. Ectopic thyroid is a rare entity with a prevalence suggested to be around 1/100,000, but numbers are uncertain [2] and presumably due to definition. This is emphasised in that Santangello et al. [3] recently reported ectopic thyroid tissue in as many as 0.9% of cases in a large thyroidectomy material, and also in that microscopic congregations of thyroid tissue is encountered in 10% of normal tongue base tissue [4]. Parathyroid tissue, with its separate embryologic origin, may also be ectopic, but is not encountered in the base of the tongue [5].
A global perspective on newborn congenital hypothyroidism screening
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2020
Congenital hypothyroidism can be permanent or transient depending on the etiology and duration of hypothyroidism.1,2 Anatomical abnormalities in thyroid gland development or hormone synthesis cause most cases of CH. Despite advances in genetic analysis, the etiology underlying thyroid dysgenesis remains elusive.1,2 However, several mutations in genes encoding thyroid peroxidase, thyroglobulin, and the sodium-iodide symporter are associated with CH.1,2 As shown in Table 1, there are five primary types of congenital hypothyroidism: thyroid dysgenesis, thyroid dyshormonogenesis, TSH receptor insensitivity, central CH, and transient CH.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Congenital Hypothyroidism
- Dysphagia
- Hyoid Bone
- Iodine Deficiency
- Thyroglossal Duct
- Thyroid
- Tongue
- Thyroid Dyshormonogenesis
- Pax8
- Hoarse Voice