Hypospadias
Brice Antao, S Irish Michael, Anthony Lander, S Rothenberg MD Steven in Succeeding in Paediatric Surgery Examinations, 2017
Causes/associations with hypospadias include: Caucasian motherslow birth rate, small head circumference and birth lengthlow maternal age, low parity, gravidity, and also mothers over 35 years of age with low paritylate menarche or previous still-birthin vitro fertilisation, particularly when intracytoplasmic sperm injection is usedlow-birthweight babies, and a 10 times greater incidence when the placenta weight is lower than normaltwin births (incidence of hypospadias in male/male pairs is nearly twice that of male/female pairs)more common in the first born and inversely related to the maternal paritymaternal disorders such as maternal diabetes, epilepsy, renal failure, asthma and influenza during the first trimestermaternal vegetarian diet, possibly due to an increased amount of phyto-oestrogens.
Complications of Hypospadias Surgery
Kevin R. Loughlin in Complications of Urologic Surgery and Practice, 2007
In the male, hypospadias is defined as a urethral meatus abnormally located anywhere from the ventral aspect of the glans penis to the scrotum or perineum, often with associated ventral curvature of the penis (chordee), and abnormal distribution of foreskin with a “hood” present dorsally and deficient foreskin ventrally (1). Hypospadias is typically diagnosed at newborn physical examination, although some may escape diagnosis until the foreskin is fully retracted or circumcision is performed. It is a relatively common congenital defect of the male external genitalia with hypospadias occurring in approximately one of every 250 live births (2). Many a successful technique is available to the surgeon faced with reconstruction for hypospadias. This chapter provides a detailed account of complications encountered as a result of the surgical care of the individual with hypospadias, and their management.
Hypospadias
Mark Davenport, James D. Geiger, Nigel J. Hall, Steven S. Rothenberg in Operative Pediatric Surgery, 2020
Hypospadias has been reported to occur approximately in one out of 100–300 live male births. In a case-controlled study by Sweet et al., hypospadias was present once in every 122 births. The great majority (87%) were mild—coronal or glanular. Interestingly, the rate of severe hypospadias seems to have increased three- to fivefold over the last few decades. This trend could reflect more frequent reporting and earlier diagnosis, or it may reflect other undefined biological factors, such as environmental endocrine disruptors during pregnancy. Hypospadias is most likely an inherited congenital defect, as it occurs in 6–8% of fathers of affected boys and 14% of male siblings.
c-Fos is upregulated in the genital tubercle of DEHP-induced hypospadiac rats and the prepuce of patients with hypospadias
Published in Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine, 2021
Han Xiang, Shao Wang, Xiaoyan Kong, Yihang Yu, Lianju shen, Chunlan Long, Xing Liu, Guang-Hui Wei
Hypospadias, defined as a defect in ventral foreskin development along with ectopic displacement of the urethral meatus, is a common congenital malformation in neonates (Cunha et al. 2015). It occurs in up to 1 per 125 live male births, and the incidence continues to rise (van der Horst and de Wall 2017). The severity of hypospadias can vary from mild to severe according to the location of the urethral opening. Patients with severe hypospadias are at risk of complications leading to lifelong difficulties with urination, sexual dysfunction, and psychological problems, and surgery is the main treatment option (Snodgrass et al. 2011). Although the etiology of hypospadias remains obscure, it is thought to be multifactorial, involving factors such as genetic predisposition, inadequate hormone levels, and environmental elements (Thorup et al. 2014; van der Horst and de Wall 2017).
Retardation of Preputial Wound Healing in Rats with Hypospadias Induced by Flutamide
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2020
Yue Zhou, Jinpu Peng, Xining Cao, Chao Yan, Fangyuan Huang, Lianju Shen, Chunlan Long, Xing Liu, Guanghui Wei
Hypospadias is a common condition with an unknown etiology. There is considerable variety in the presentation and severity of hypospadias between cases [1, 5]. The goal for the repair of hypospadias is to normalize function and cosmetics. Generally, hypospadias is corrected between 6 and 18 months of age, however, in cases with concerning results and complications, corrections can be performed at any age [3]. The optimal age for surgical intervention is still debated and is influenced by anesthetic risks, tissue dimensions at different ages, postoperative complications, and the psychosocial impact [1]. For a long time, surgeons have focused on the prevention and treatment of complications after hypospadias repair, but rarely regarding to the relationship between wound healing and patients’ special tissue characteristics. Whether this sort of specificity is correlated with the complications following hypospadias surgery, such as urethral fistula and stenosis, is yet to be studied and explained.
The Histopathological Effect of Aloe Vera on the Wound Healing Process in a Surgically Created Tubularized Incised Plate Urethroplasty Model on Rats
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2022
Omer Gokhan Doluoglu, Yıldıray Yıldız, Eda Tokat, Berat Cem Ozgur, Muhammet Fatih Kılınc, Mehmet Arda Inan, Ipek Isık Gonul, Mustafa Burak Hoscan
Hypospadias is a congenital abnormality, which presents as the urethral meatus located along the ventral shaft of the penis or on the scrotum or perineum, rather than positioned at the tip of the penis. This condition is relatively common, with a prevalence of approximately 1:300 live newborn boys [12]. The Snodgrass Tubularized Incised Plate (TIP) urethroplasty was introduced in 1994 and excellent results have been reported for hypospadias repair [13]. Although TIP urethroplasty has been preferred mostly for distal hypospadias repair since 1994, complication rates of 1% to 17% have been reported for primary hypospadias repair with this technique. Urethrocutaneous fistula, scar formation and stenosis have been reported to be most important complications [14, 15].
Related Knowledge Centers
- Chordee
- Glans Penis
- Intersex
- Scrotum
- Urethra
- Penis
- Urinary Meatus
- Development of The Urinary System
- Foreskin
- Penoscrotal Transposition