Characterization of Phyto-Constituents
Rohit Dutt, Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Vandana Garg in Promising Drug Molecules of Natural Origin, 2020
In the early 1980s, capillary electrophoresis (CE) was developed as a powerful analytical and separation device. It detects the purity/complexity of a sample and can deal with every kind of charged components of sample from simple inorganic ions to DNA. Thusly, the utilization of fine electrophoretic techniques expanded in the investigation of natural drugs in last past years. The working of CE examination can be performed by electric field worked in tight cylinders which prompts division of numerous mixes. The separation of different charged components caused due to applied voltage in between buffer filled capillaries which generates the production of ions depending on their mass and charge ratio. Frequently used electrophoresis techniques are capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE), and capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF). CE is the most proficient strategy utilized for the division and investigation of modest number of analytes with excellent partition capacity. In the meantime it has comparative specialized qualities as that of liquid chromatography; anyway it is a superior technique for building up the chemical fingerprints of the natural medications.
Fingerprinting Techniques for Herbal Drugs Standardization
Ravindra Kumar Pandey, Shiv Shankar Shukla, Amber Vyas, Vishal Jain, Parag Jain, Shailendra Saraf in Fingerprinting Analysis and Quality Control Methods of Herbal Medicines, 2018
In general, CE is a versatile and powerful separation tool with high separation efficiency and selectivity when analyzing mixtures of low-molecular-mass components. However, the fast development in capillary electrophoresis causes improvements of resolution and throughput rather than reproducibility and absolute precision. One successful approach to improve the reproducibility of both mobility and integral data has been based on internal standards. But many papers that were published unfortunately revealed a limited view of the real possibilities of CE in the field of fingerprinting herbal medicines (Liu and Sheu, 1993; Stuppner et al., 1992). CE and capillary electrochromatography approaches contribute to a better understanding of the solution behavior of herbal medicines, especially when additionally combined with the powerful spectrometric detectors (Liu and Sheu, 1992).
Breathomics and its Application for Disease Diagnosis: A Review of Analytical Techniques and Approaches
Raquel Cumeras, Xavier Correig in Volatile organic compound analysis in biomedical diagnosis applications, 2018
Electrophoresis is defined as the migration of ions under the influence of an electric field, and gel electrophoresis is a commonly used method to separate proteins by size and charge (Kubáň et al., 2012). The development of capillary electrophoresis (CE) was enabled by advances in GC column technology, but instead of using pressurized gas or liquid as the mobile phase, CE uses high voltages to generate an electrophoretic flow of ionic species within a narrow-bore (20–200 µm i.d.) capillary. CE can be linked to either an ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV-vis) or MS detector, and the resulting data look very similar to LC chromatograms; although in CE the data are referred to as an electropherogram rather than a chromatogram and retention time is referred to as migration time.
Foodomics for human health: current status and perspectives
Published in Expert Review of Proteomics, 2018
Daniela Braconi, Giulia Bernardini, Lia Millucci, Annalisa Santucci
In proteomics, gel-based and gel-free approaches (through different chromatographic or capillary electrophoretic techniques) are valuable tools for the separation and characterization of protein profiles. In gel-based approaches, proteins are generally separated by mono- (1D) or two-dimensional (2D) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), typically coupled to MS for protein identification [19]. Specific enrichment protocols are available to investigate low-abundance protein repertoires [27,38]. 2D-PAGE is the most used tool: although providing important information on relative protein abundance and PTMs, it suffers the main limitations of being expensive, time-consuming, and providing poor separation of acidic, basic, and hydrophobic proteins [39]. Capillary electrophoresis is a versatile technology providing fast and highly efficient separations, requiring low volumes of reagents and samples [40]. Poor sensitivity is its main limitation, although improvements can be obtained by pre-concentration steps and coupling to MS detectors [8].
Biological membranes in EV biogenesis, stability, uptake, and cargo transfer: an ISEV position paper arising from the ISEV membranes and EVs workshop
Published in Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, 2019
Ashley E. Russell, Alexandra Sneider, Kenneth W. Witwer, Paolo Bergese, Suvendra N. Bhattacharyya, Alexander Cocks, Emanuele Cocucci, Uta Erdbrügger, Juan M. Falcon-Perez, David W. Freeman, Thomas M. Gallagher, Shuaishuai Hu, Yiyao Huang, Steven M. Jay, Shin-ichi Kano, Gregory Lavieu, Aleksandra Leszczynska, Alicia M. Llorente, Quan Lu, Vasiliki Mahairaki, Dillon C. Muth, Nicole Noren Hooten, Matias Ostrowski, Ilaria Prada, Susmita Sahoo, Tine Hiorth Schøyen, Lifu Sheng, Deanna Tesch, Guillaume Van Niel, Roosmarijn E. Vandenbroucke, Frederik J. Verweij, Ana V. Villar, Marca Wauben, Ann M. Wehman, Hang Yin, David Raul Francisco Carter, Pieter Vader
Alternative approaches to single-EV analysis are also being developed, including 3D-SEM, CLEM, AFM and Raman spectroscopy. However, these methods are less commonly available and do not offer high throughput analysis. AFM has been used to quantify the physical characteristics of EVs, such as stiffness, as well as for the visualization of EV budding. “Label free” methods are attractive, as labelling by itself can alter the EVs. The use of optical tweezers for studying and manipulating single, large EVs is also gaining traction [158]. Capillary electrophoresis techniques may also be implemented to allow for separation of EVs of different sizes or composition. Cryo-EM is another good tool for visualizing EVs since EM with immunogold labelling is the only technique that combines morphological information at high resolution and the specificity of labelling. A recommendation arising from this Workshop is for the field to improve and develop single-vesicle analysis techniques that will allow researchers to ask new, important questions related to all aspects of EV biology.
Applied capillary electrophoresis system affects screening for monoclonal gammopathy in serum: verification study of two eight-capillary systems
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, 2022
Dragana Šegulja, Tajana Šparakl, Dunja Rogić
Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) in buffer-filled capillaries by application of high voltage allows rapid and automated protein separation and produces digital absorbance data appropriate for mathematical analysis [2]. Although a modern, technically improved combination of coupling CZE with mass spectrometer is available, a technique routinely used in clinical laboratories integrates unique features of gel electrophoresis and high performance liquid chromatography with photometry and allows the separation and relative quantification of serum proteins in at least five fractions: the albumin, alpha-1, alpha-2, beta and gamma globulin fractions [3,4]. The technique conditions significantly affect resolution but the main additional force that improves resolution of capillary electrophoresis is electroosmotic flow [5].
Related Knowledge Centers
- Chemical Compound
- Electrical Mobility
- Gel Electrophoresis
- Isoelectric Focusing
- Ph
- Electrophoresis
- Isotachophoresis
- Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography
- Electrolyte
- Electro-Osmosis