Paediatric surgery
Philip Stather, Helen Cheshire in Cases for Surgical Finals, 2012
A 4-year-old boy is taken to his GP by his mother, who tells you that she is worried about his penile skin which does not retract. Define phimosis and paraphimosis. (2 marks)List four questions to ask at this stage. (4 marks)On examination of his penile skin, you notice a white discharge. List two appropriate steps with regards to his management. (2 marks)Give one non-surgical method to help to release phimosis and paraphimosis. (1 mark)Which surgical procedure is used to treat phimosis? (1 mark)
Problems with the foreskin
Manu Shah, Ariyaratne de Silva in The Male Genitalia, 2018
Phimosis is a clinical sign and not a diagnosis. It may be a normal finding in boys but usually signifies a specific disease in men. There are various causes which are listed below: lichen sclerosus (common)lichen planus (common)sexually transmitted disease (common)hydradenitis suppurativa (rare)Crohn’s disease (rare).
Practice Paper 2: Answers
Anthony B. Starr, Hiruni Jayasena, David Capewell, Saran Shantikumar in Get ahead! Medicine, 2016
Chancroid is caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Haemophilus ducreyi, and is found mostly in tropical countries. The incubation period is short. It is an ulcerative condition of the genitalia that develops within 3–7 days of exposure. Lesions begin as a small papule, which eventually ulcerates to form single or multiple, painful, superficial ulcers. Inflammation may lead to phimosis. Enlargement and suppuration of inguinal lymph nodes may occur, leading to a unilocular abscess (bubo) that can rupture to form a discharging sinus. Diagnosis is by identification of H. ducreyi on culture media. Treatment is with appropriate antibiotics (e.g. erythromycin).
An evaluation of the pharmacotherapeutic options for the treatment of adult phimosis. A systematic review of the evidence
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2022
Anna Lygas, Hrishikesh Bhaskar Joshi
Phimosis is a medical term originating from Greek word that describes difficulty or inability to retract the distal foreskin over the glans penis [1]. Around ninety–six percent of newborn boys have non-retractable prepuce at birth and a systematic review found that by age ≥ 18 years 3.4% still had phimosis [2] The incidence of LS in children is low and is estimated to be between 5% and 52% [3,4]
Related Knowledge Centers
- Balanitis
- Circumcision
- Glans Penis
- Paraphimosis
- Lichen Sclerosus
- Corticosteroid
- Foreskin
- Penis
- Erection
- Clitoral Hood