Viral Infections in HIV Disease
Clay J. Cockerell, Antoanella Calame in Cutaneous Manifestations of HIV Disease, 2012
Oncogenic HPV may cause SCCIS and SCC in immunocompromised hosts, especially those with HIV. Immunocompromise also causes an increased incidence, and more widespread nature, of cutaneous warts.53 Histology reveals acanthosis, papillomatosis, and hyperkeratosis. The characteristic and pathognomonic feature is the koilocyte which is a vacuolated cell with pale-staining cytoplasm and clumped basophilic keratohyaline granules often seen near the surface of the epidermis. There are also vertical tiers of parakeratotic cells overlying epidermal digitations and often hemorrhage within the parakeratotic foci. The diagnosis is typically made on clinical findings alone, but in HIV-infected patients lesions with unusual features or failure to respond to treatment should be biopsied to rule out SCC.
Factors Correlated with the Accuracy of Colposcopy-Directed Biopsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2022
Hongyan Ren, Mengzhe Jia, Shujun Zhao, Hongyu Li, Suzhen Fan
Histopathology results were reported by the pathologists based on the findings from biopsy specimens [8]. Adopted the Lower Anogenital Squamous Terminology guidelines [9], the histopathology results were divided into the following five groups: no abnormality intraepithelial lesion or malignancy seen (Normal), chronic cervicitis or mucositis (inflammation), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (including koilocyte, wart, and CINI), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (including CINII/III and carcinoma in situ (CIS)), and cancer (including squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma). If not treated in time, high-grade lesions may develop into cervical cancer.
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