Order
Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier in Virus-Like Particles, 2022
The Herpesvirales is an order of enveloped, spherical to pleomorphic, dsDNA viruses of 150–200 nm in diameter. The range of host species of herpesviruses is very wide, and it is not excluded that all vertebrates carry multiple herpesvirus species. The order members possess great medical importance, since they cause such numerous human infections as cold sores, genital herpes, chickenpox, shingles, and glandular fever, as well as demonstrate definite oncogenic potential. A special attention is devoted to numerous 3D structures of the herpesvirus cores consisting each of more than 3,000 proteins, which were successfully defined in 2018–2020 by electron cryomicroscopy at atomic resolution. The baculovirus-driven expression of the structural herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) genes and production of the HSV-1 capsid-like VLPs is described. The grade of involvement of the members of the three subfamilies, namely, Alphaherpesvirinae, Betaherpesvirinae , and Gammaherpesvirinae , of the family Herpesviridae is disclosed. The specific roles and applications are emphasized for the most popular herpesviruses, such as HSV-1, HSV-2, bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1), equid herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1), pseudorabies virus (PrV), varicella zoster virus (VZV), human and murine cytomegaloviruses (HCMV and MCMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV).
Improving immunogenicity and efficacy of vaccines for genital herpes containing herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D
Published in Expert Review of Vaccines, 2014
Sita Awasthi, Carolyn Shaw, Harvey Friedman
No vaccines are approved for prevention or treatment of genital herpes. The focus of genital herpes vaccine trials has been on prevention using herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) glycoprotein D (gD2) alone or combined with glycoprotein B. These prevention trials did not achieve their primary end points. However, subset analyses reported some positive outcomes in each study. The most recent trial was the Herpevac Trial for Women that used gD2 with monophosphoryl lipid A and alum as adjuvants in herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2 seronegative women. Unexpectedly, the vaccine prevented genital disease by HSV-1 but not HSV-2. Currently, HSV-1 causes more first episodes of genital herpes than HSV-2, highlighting the importance of protecting against HSV-1. The scientific community is conflicted between abandoning vaccine efforts that include gD2 and building upon the partial successes of previous trials. We favor building upon success and present approaches to improve outcomes of gD2-based subunit antigen vaccines.
The current state of vaccine development for ocular HSV-1 infection
Published in Expert Review of Ophthalmology, 2015
Derek J Royer, Alex W Cohen, Daniel JJ Carr
Herpes simplex virus type 1 continues to be the leading cause of infectious corneal blindness. Clinical trials for vaccines against genital HSV infection have been ongoing for more than three decades. Despite this, no approved vaccine exists, and no formal clinical trials have evaluated the impact of HSV vaccines on eye health. We review here the current state of development for an efficacious herpes simplex virus type 1 vaccine and call for involvement of ophthalmologists and vision researchers.
Antiviral Activity of S-7HNa on the Infectivity and Replication of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 in Cultured Cells
Published in Journal of Chemotherapy, 1995
O. Muratore, A. Pesce Schito, E.L. Tonoli, L. Mosti
The effect of sodium salt of the acid related to ester S-7 (i.e. S-7HNa) on the infectivity and replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 in Vero cultured cells was studied. S-7HNa, at the highest concentration lacking cytotoxicity (10 mM), produced, at various inocula, a 70% inhibition of HSV-1 infectivity with respect to the plaque formation detected in control infected cultures. This inhibitory activity was substantiated by studies on progeny production. S-7HNa revealed a therapeutic index higher than that of the correlative ester (S-7).