Vaginitis
Linda Cardozo, Staskin David in Textbook of Female Urology and Urogynecology - Two-Volume Set, 2017
Type Infectious bActeriAl vAginosis CAndidA vulvovAginitis trichomoniAsis rAre bActeriAl Noninfectious Atrophic vAginitis ContAct vulvovAginitis ChemicAl irritAnt vAginitis Allergic vAginitis DesquAmAtive inflAmmAtory vAginitis (DIv) erosive lichen plAnus CollAgen vAsculAr diseAses (sLe) Pemphigus And pemphigoid syndromes Etiology Mixed GArdnerellA vAginAlis, AnAerobes (PrevotellA, PorphyromonAs, BActeroides, FusobActerium, Peptostreptococcus, Mobiluncus, MegAsphAerA, EggerthellA, LeptotrichiA, members of the ClostridiAles order), And genitAl mycoplAsmAs 90% CAndidA AlbicAns, 10% non-AlbicAns CAndidA species; rArely other fungi TrichomonAs vAginAlis Group A Streptococcus estrogen-deficient stAtes (postmenopAusAl, postpArtum, post-Antiestrogen therApy) ContAct dermAtitis (hypersensitivity) soAps, detergents, topicAl Antimycotics Allergens unknown (bActeriAl? immune mechAnism?) Immune mechAnisms vAsculitis Immune mechAnisms
Preemptive antifungal therapy: Do diagnostics help?
Mahmoud A. Ghannoum, John R. Perfect in Antifungal Therapy, 2019
False-positive GM tests have also been reported in neutropenic patients with bacteremia [27,39]. However, when the bacterial isolates from these patients were tested directly, no reactivity with the GM EIA was seen [27,39]. Others have failed to confirm false-positive tests in bacteremic patients [37], which suggests that the false-positives may be related to antibiotic usage or another confounder. Only Bifidobacteria (except B. infantis and B. adolescentis) and Eggerthella lenta have been shown to possess reactivity with the GM EIA by virtue of cross-reactive lipoglycan epitopes in the cell wall [51]. Translocation of these organisms into the systemic circulation, therefore, remains a feasible explanation for false-positive tests in some patients.
Avarofloxacin, Nemonoxacin, and Zabofloxacin
M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson in Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Nemonoxacin has some activity against Clostridium difficile, with MIC90 values of 8 µg/ml (range: 0.25 to > 32 µg/ml), but isolates with reduced susceptibility to moxifloxacin had variable nemonoxacin MICs, ranging from 0.5 to > 32 µg/ml (Liao et al., 2012). Lin et al. (2011) found similar results. Against Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, obligate anaerobic bacilli such as Eubacterium spp., Eggerthella spp., and Paraeggerthella spp., nemonoxacin displays variable activity, with MIC values of 0.12 to > 32 µg/ml, although all except one isolate were in the range of 0.12–2 µg/ml (Lee et al., 2012).
Bile acid oxidation by Eggerthella lenta strains C592 and DSM 2243T
Published in Gut Microbes, 2018
Spencer C. Harris, Saravanan Devendran, Celia Méndez- García, Sean M. Mythen, Chris L. Wright, Christopher J. Fields, Alvaro G. Hernandez, Isaac Cann, Phillip B. Hylemon, Jason M. Ridlon
Prior surveys of the gut of wood-feeding cockroaches40 and acidic fen41 resulted in identification of Eggerthella as encoding a formyl-tetrahydrofolate synthase (fhs) gene, suggesting that Eggerthella may have acetogenic potential. Common to all acetogens are genes encoding acetyl-CoA synthase (ACS)/carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH).42,43 We located a conserved cluster of genes (Elen_3026-3030; CAB18_RS02000-2010) in both E. lenta DSM 2243 and E. lenta C592 which encode 4Fe-4S hybrid cluster proteins which include ACS and CODH. Eggerthella sp. strain YY7918 was found to harbor a different gene cluster, annotated as encoding acsA (EGGYY_24090), ascB/cdhC (EGYY_24100), acsF (BAK45480) providing further genomic evidence that Eggerthella isolates encode WLP genes.
Environmental and intrinsic factors shaping gut microbiota composition and diversity and its relation to metabolic health in children and early adolescents: A population-based study
Published in Gut Microbes, 2020
Sofia Moran-Ramos, Blanca E. Lopez-Contreras, Ricardo Villarruel-Vazquez, Elvira Ocampo-Medina, Luis Macias-Kauffer, Jennifer N. Martinez-Medina, Hugo Villamil-Ramirez, Paola León-Mimila, Blanca E. Del Rio-Navarro, Isabel Ibarra-Gonzalez, Marcela Vela-Amieva, Francisco J Gomez-Perez, Rafael Velazquez-Cruz, Jorge Salmeron, Zyanya Reyes-Castillo, Carlos Aguilar-Salinas, Samuel Canizales-Quinteros
The previous findings highlight that despite population and age-related differences in gut microbial determinants, there are consistent signatures associated with metabolic complications. In addition, novel significant associations were detected. Specifically, the presence as well as greater abundance of a low abundance taxon Eggerthella lenta was associated with lower serum TG levels. Although this taxon has been mainly studied through its effects on xenobiotics metabolism,64,65 animal models have shown that it is associated with hepatic lipid metabolism.66 Even though further studies are needed to test whether the abundance of Eggerthella lenta is causally related to lower hypertriglyceridemia, it has been hypothesized that this bacterium could have pleiotropic effects on host health through multiple mechanisms such as its ability to metabolize bile acids.67
Non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with Anti-PD1 immunotherapy show distinct microbial signatures and metabolic pathways according to progression-free survival and PD-L1 status
Published in OncoImmunology, 2023
David Dora, Balazs Ligeti, Tamas Kovacs, Peter Revisnyei, Gabriella Galffy, Edit Dulka, Dániel Krizsán, Regina Kalcsevszki, Zsolt Megyesfalvi, Balazs Dome, Glen J. Weiss, Zoltan Lohinai
Next, we aimed to reveal differentially abundant taxa according to the presence of ICI adverse events (toxicity) and medications are taken before IT, including antibiotics, antacids, and steroids. Treatment toxicity was associated with a slight decrease in the abundance of genera Absiella and Blautia (Figure 5A) and a pronounced increase in the abundance of Prevotella dentalis (Figure 5A). Antibiotic treatment affected multiple taxa, significantly decreasing the abundance of Anaerostipes, Christensenella, Longibaculum, Lachnospira, Anaerostipes Hadrus, and Erysipelothrichaceae bacterium GAM147 (Figure 5B). In contrast, Eggerthella (E) and E. lenta, Bifidobacterium bifidum, and Bacteroides xylanisolvens were significantly overrepresented in patients with a history of antibiotic treatment (Figure 5B). Antacid medication was associated with a modest decrease in Synergistetes phylum (Figure 5C) and a marked increase in species Streptococcus (S) equinus, S. parasanguinis, and S. salivarius (Figure 5C), whose increased abundance was also detected in short PFS patients (Figure 3A). The phylum Proteobacteria and its prominent genus Escherichia (E) and species E. coli were significantly more abundant in steroid-treated patients, similarly to Longibaculum and Erysipelothrichaceae bacterium GAM147 (Figure 5D).
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