The patient with acute respiratory problems
Peate Ian, Dutton Helen in Acute Nursing Care, 2020
Pneumonia occurs when inflammatory material (exudate) accumulates in the alveoli. Where the inflammation is confined to the whole of one or more lobes, then it is referred to as lobar pneumonia, or bronchopneumonia when spread more widely throughout the lungs. Similarly, pneumonia can be caused by a range of pathogenic organisms including bacteria and viruses, following the aspiration of vomit or mucus and occasionally following treatment such as radiotherapy. Examples of micro-organisms that can cause pneumonia include: Streptococcus pneumoniae.Mycoplasma pneumoniae.Influenza A viruses.Haemophilus influenzae.Chlamydia pneumoniae.Legionella pneumoniae.Pneumocystis carinii.
Gatifloxacin
M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson in Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Chlamydia pneumoniae has been postulated as playing a role in atherosclerosis and hence risk of cardiovascular events. A large prospective study of 4162 patients who had been hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome determined that gatifloxacin given daily initially, then 10 days per month for 2 years, did not result in any difference in the primary endpoint of death from cardiovascular causes. The Kaplan–Meier analysis of the rates of primary endpoint events at two years yielded rates of 23.7% in the gatifloxacin group and 25.1% in the placebo group (p = 0.41) (Cannon et al., 2005).
Practice Paper 9: Answers
Anthony B. Starr, Hiruni Jayasena, David Capewell, Saran Shantikumar in Get ahead! Medicine, 2016
Chlamydophila pneumoniae (previously known as Chlamydia pneumoniae) causes a mild pneumonia in younger people, and may be associated with sinusitis, pharyngitis and laryngitis. Chest X-ray shows small segmental infiltrates. Mycoplasma pneumoniae affects adolescents and young adults, and tends to cause epidemics in 3-year cycles. Patients often present with few chest signs, but can develop headache, myalgia, arthralgia, erythema nodosum, Guillain-Barre syndrome, pericarditis and haemolytic anaemia. Chest X-ray shows patchy or lobar consolidation and hilar lymphadenopathy.
Risk reduction and pharmacological strategies to prevent progression of aortic aneurysms
Published in Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy, 2021
Gabe Weininger, Shin Mei Chan, Mohammad Zafar, Bulat a Ziganshin, John A. Elefteriades
Since Chlamydia pneumoniae has been suspected to play a role in the pathogenesis of some aortic aneurysms [53], several studies have investigated the efficacy of various antibiotics as a potential therapy. The first of these studies was done in a 2001 by Mosorin et al [54]. and used doxycycline in a small randomized controlled trial of patients with small AAAs. The study showed a slightly slower rate of AAA expansion in the doxycycline group which did not reach statistical significance. A larger randomized controlled trial with doxycycline by Meijer et al. also failed to show a decrease in growth rate [55]. However, two separate studies using roxithromycin, a macrolide antibiotic, did show a decrease in aneurysm growth in patients with small AAAs [56,57]. Azithromycin was also used tested in a larger trial of 247 patients and did not show a difference in aneurysm growth [58].
Acute haemorrhagic pericarditis: an unusual presentation of Chlamydophila pneumoniae pneumonia infection
Published in Paediatrics and International Child Health, 2020
Fatma Zehra Oztek Celebi, Ali Fettah, Sule Yesil, Tamer Yoldas, Gonul Tanir, Meltem Akcaboy, Saliha Senel
Chlamydia pneumoniae, now known as Chlamydophila pneumoniae, is an obligate intracellular pathogen which is a common cause of human respiratory disease. Apart from pneumonia, it causes acute bronchitis, prolonged cough, pharyngitis, laryngitis, otitis media and sinusitis [1]. Most C. pneumoniae infections are mild or asymptomatic. Clinical features of pneumonia associated with C. pneumoniae are similar to those of other types of community-acquired pneumonia and include fever, cough, tachypnoea and shortness of breath [2]. Some reports indicate that C. pneumoniae is associated with severe respiratory illness and even death [3,4]. A few cases of acute cardiological disease (myocarditis, pericarditis, endocarditis) have been reported [1,5,6].
Role of environmental factors in multiple sclerosis
Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2021
Amin Zarghami, Ying Li, Suzi B. Claflin, Ingrid van der Mei, Bruce V. Taylor
Chlamydia pneumoniae is a common bacterium that has been investigated as a potential risk factor in MS pathogenesis. A 2006 meta-analysis (n = 26) provided the first evidence for higher frequency of C. pneumoniae infection among PwMS compared with controls and a possible role of C. pneumoniae in MS onset (Table 1) [167]. A 2015 umbrella review supported the association, finding weak evidence in favor of the association. However, these results should be interpreted with caution, as there was substantial heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 55%-91%) [34].
Related Knowledge Centers
- Coronary Artery Disease
- Genome
- Pharyngitis
- Pneumonia
- Bronchitis
- Chlamydia
- Intracellular Parasite
- Reproduction
- Atypical Pneumonia
- Host