Unexplained Fever Associated with Diseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Benedict Isaac, Serge Kernbaum, Michael Burke in Unexplained Fever, 2019
Recently recognized pathogens Yersinia and Campylobacter may cause febrile diarrhea or may simulate inflammatory bowel disease or even acute appendicitis. In Yersinia enteritis45,46 the most important symptoms are fever, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Fever occurs in approximately 50% of cases and may vary from high temperatures of brief duration to low-grade fever lasting for weeks. Campylobacter enteritis47,48 is characterized by a prodromal stage of fever, malaise, abdominal pain, nausea, and myalgia, followed by diarrhea, which may be bloody. The condition usually subsides in 3 to 4 days, but in debilitated or im-munosuppressed patients, it can become severe and prolonged or relapsing. Other manifestations and methods of diagnosis of these infections are discussed elsewhere (see Chapter 20).
Campylobacter
Dongyou Liu in Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
There are three major post-Campylobacter infection sequelae including GBS, IBS, and reactive arthritis. The true incidence of these complications that resulted from previous Campylobacter infection is limited. Globally, approximately one-third of all the GBS cases are attributed to Campylobacter infection, and 36% of those who have had previous Campylobacter infection will develop IBS within 1–2 years, and 1%–5% of individuals who have had Campylobacter infections will develop reactive arthritis (1). A recent systematic review reported that the proportion of Campylobacter cases resulting in GBS was estimated to be 0.07% (81). Although rare, GBS is a serious illness where it causes ascending paralysis that can ultimately affect vital organs such as the lungs and heart. The incidence of GBS in a cohort of patients presenting with Campylobacter enteritis was 1.17/1,000 person-years, a rate 77 times greater than that in the general population (40,65).
Studying the Natural History of Infectious Diseases
Johan Giesecke in Modern Infectious Disease Epidemiology, 2017
If there is no reliable, long-lasting biological marker of past infection, a cohort design is usually necessary to study such late effects, since most people will not be able to recall an acute infection from 10 or 20 years ago. This means that good population-based registers are often needed. One such study was performed to study the risk of Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) after acute campylobacter enteritis in Sweden [3]. The GBS is a rapidly progressing, ascending paralysis which may become fatal without artificial ventilation. Its pathological mechanism is unknown, but it usually subsides after some months. An earlier case control study had indicated that serological markers of recent campylobacter infection were more common in cases than in controls.
A porcine ligated loop model reveals new insight into the host immune response against Campylobacter jejuni
Published in Gut Microbes, 2020
Nicholas M Negretti, Yinyin Ye, Lais M Malavasi, Swechha M Pokharel, Steven Huynh, Susan Noh, Cassidy L Klima, Christopher R Gourley, Claude A Ragle, Santanu Bose, Torey Looft, Craig T Parker, Geremy Clair, Joshua N Adkins, Michael E Konkel
C. jejuni is a Gram-negative, microaerophilic, curved-rod shaped bacterium that belongs to the epsilon division of the Proteobacteria. This highly motile organism is one of the most common bacterial causes of infectious gastroenteritis in humans. C. jejuni-mediated enteritis (campylobacteriosis) is characterized by acute bloody diarrhea, intense abdominal pain/cramps, and fever.6 Furthermore, due to molecular mimicry by specific serotypes of sialylated lipooligosaccharide, C. jejuni is the most common initiating event of paralyzing autoimmune disorders, including Guillain-Barré syndrome and Miller Fisher syndrome.7-9C. jejuni is a zoonotic pathogen because it primarily resides in animals that directly or indirectly transmit the bacterium to humans. C. jejuni is particularly effective at colonizing the intestines of chickens, where it can reach bacterial loads in excess of 108 colony forming units (CFU)/gram of cecal contents without causing apparent disease.6,10 Consumption of foods contaminated by raw chicken is considered the single most common source of C. jejuni infections in humans; however, raw milk, contaminated water, and contaminated produce are also significant sources of infection.11
Seroprevalence and risk factors for Campylobacter jejuni seropositivity in Jordan
Published in Infectious Diseases, 2019
Mohammad M. Obaidat
This study concluded that raw milk consumption and ruminant ownership are risk factors and probably a major source of Campylobacter infection in Jordan. Thus, awareness regarding the adverse health consequences from raw milk consumption should be addressed. In addition, raising the issue of the zoonotic potential of diarrhoea in small ruminants should be addressed to the farmers, probably by their private veterinarians. Campylobacteriosis should also be considered in the differential diagnosis of diarrhoea in farmers and their children, especially since farmers typically seek the assistance of their children in shepherding their herds. In addition, given the high seropositivity rate demonstrated by this study, it would be beneficial to undertake further investigation of Campylobacter infection among younger age groups.
Campylobacter jejuni induces autoimmune peripheral neuropathy via Sialoadhesin and Interleukin-4 axes
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Ankit Malik, Jean M. Brudvig, Barbie J. Gadsden, Alexander D. Ethridge, Linda S. Mansfield
Campylobacter jejuni is a gram-negative foodborne bacterium that affects 1.4 million individuals annually in the United States and is a leading cause of gastroenteritis worldwide.1Campylobacter jejuni is ubiquitous in the gastrointestinal (GI) tracts of chickens and food animals2,3 and ingestion of contaminated meat or milk results in inflammatory diarrhea of the colon that can be hemorrhagic. The majority of healthy adults with campylobacteriosis experience GI disease for 7–10 days followed by resolution, but it has been a cause of mortality in high-risk individuals.4,5 Infection or disease due to C. jejuni has also been linked to development and flare-ups of other chronic enteric diseases including Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Inflammatory Bowel Disease.6,7
Related Knowledge Centers
- Bacteria
- Campylobacter
- Campylobacter Jejuni
- Dysentery
- Prodrome
- Diarrhea
- Infection
- Myalgia
- Foodborne Illness
- Cramp