Respiratory Medicine
Stephan Strobel, Lewis Spitz, Stephen D. Marks in Great Ormond Street Handbook of Paediatrics, 2019
Prophylactic flucloxacillin is currently used from diagnosis to delay the onset of chronic staphylococcal infection as long as possible. As age increases there may be persistent symptoms of cough, chronic sputum production and wheeze related to the development of long-term airway damage and bronchiectasis. The major pathogen that increases in prevalence with age is P aeruginosa. When initial infection occurs it should be treated with oral ciprofloxacin and inhaled colomycin in an attempt to achieve eradication. Prophylactic inhaled colomycin or tobramycin may be needed long term. Intensive 2 week courses of IV antibiotics are often necessary to control Pseudomonas-related lung infection. Burkholderia cepacia is another important organism, usually multi-resistant, which can cause severe and even fatal lung disease in a small but important number of cases. The role of non-tuberculous mycobacteria are receiving increasing attention as a disease-causing pathogen in CF.
Burkholderia
Dongyou Liu in Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
The genus Burkholderia covers a diverse group of gram-negative β-proteobacteria, with at least 60 recognized or proposed species. Research to date has mostly focused on the pathogenicity of the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc), Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei. The Bcc includes more than 20 species that cause serious infections in plants, animals, and humans.1–3 However, these organisms can also be beneficial toward humans and crops as they fix nitrogen, produce antibiotics and antifungals, and degrade organic compounds.4–6B. pseudomallei causes melioidosis, a disease with a variety of symptoms,7 while B. mallei causes glanders, an infection of horses that is rarely transmitted to humans.8
Burkholderia Cepacia Complex (BCC) in Cystic Fibrosis
Meera Chand, John Holton in Case Studies in Infection Control, 2018
The Cystic Fibrosis Trust (http://Cysticfibrosis.org.uk) publishes useful guidelines such as those listed below. The Burkholderia cepacia complex (Sept 2004) Suggestions for Prevention and Infection Control, 2nd ed. The UK Cystic Fibrosis Trust Infection Control Group.Antibiotic Treatment for Cystic Fibrosis, 3rd ed (May 2009) Report of the UK Cystic Fibrosis Trust Antibiotic Working Group.Laboratory standards for processing microbiological samples from people with cystic fibrosis (Sept 2010) Report of the UK Cystic Fibrosis Trust Microbiology Laboratory Standards Working Group. Cystic Fibrosis Trust.CF Trust, CF Today (summer 2006 ed) (www.cysticfibrosis.org.uk/media/82745/CF_Today_Summer_06.pdf).CF Trust, Melioidosis and tropical travel advice: (https://www.cysticfibrosis.org.uk/~/media/documents/life-with-cf/publications/factsheets/factsheet-melioidosis.ashx).
Antibiofilm and antimicrobial activity of curcumin-chitosan nanocomplexes and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole on Achromobacter, Burkholderia, and Stenotrophomonas isolates
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2023
Edeer Iván Montoya-Hinojosa, Humberto Antonio Salazar-Sesatty, Cynthia A. Alvizo-Baez, Luis D. Terrazas-Armendariz, Itza E. Luna-Cruz, Juan M. Alcocer-González, Licet Villarreal-Treviño, Samantha Flores-Treviño
Non-lactose fermenting Gram-negative bacteria other than Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii are increasing the cases of healthcare-associated infections (HAI) [1]. Infrequent species such as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Burkholderia cepacia complex (which includes Burkholderia cepacia and Burkholderia contaminans), and Achromobacter xylosoxidans are emerging as important opportunistic pathogens, particularly in hospitalized and immunocompromised patients, or with cystic fibrosis [2–5]. All three microorganisms can cause nosocomial respiratory and bloodstream infections [2,5], often with high morbidity and mortality. Current treatment of infections caused by these pathogens involves the administration of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SXT) as the primary drug of choice [6,7]. However, these microorganisms are frequently drug-resistant [3,6,7].
Cystic fibrosis in Canada: A historical perspective
Published in Canadian Journal of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, 2021
Tania N. Petruzziello-Pellegrini, Alphonse Jeanneret, Mark Montgomery, Georges Rivard, Elizabeth Tullis, André M. Cantin
With increasing concern over BCC, David Speert established the Canadian Burkholderia cepacia Complex Research and Referral Repository (CBCCRRR) in Vancouver in 1994 to collect samples isolated from CF patients across Canada. CF Canada has provided continuous financial support to the CBCCRRR since 2001. The aims were to aid in the taxonomy of this highly complex group of organisms and to better understand its epidemiology which, in turn, helped to inform infection control practices.40 In the process, CBCCRRR researchers developed B. cepacia selective agar, a medium now commonly used around the world to isolate BCC from patient samples.41 With a wealth of expertise and approximately 2,400 BCC isolates banked, the Repository continues to contribute to the identification of novel BCC species, offers identification services to CF clinics across Canada, and provides BCC isolates to the research community.42,43
Ivacaftor for the treatment of cystic fibrosis in children under six years of age
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2020
Brianna C. Aoyama, Peter J. Mogayzel
Another recent study investigated the changes in respiratory microbiology associated with real-world long-term use of ivacaftor [16]. The retrospective cohort study analyzed data obtained between 2011 and 2016 from the UK CF registry of individuals over the age of 6 years with at least one G551D CFTR mutation who started ivacaftor treatment in 2013, were still on treatment in 2016, and had complete microbiology data, which was defined as known status, positive or negative, for each pathogen of interest for each year of the study. Pathogens of interest included Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus spp, and the Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) as these are commonly seen in people with CF, impart a significant treatment burden given the long duration of antibiotics required for treatment, and have implications for antimicrobial resistance. Secondary outcomes included time to infection with P. aeruginosa in patients not previously infected or time to clearance in patients with known infection.
Related Knowledge Centers
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- Lactose
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- Burkholderia Stabilis
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