Rifampicin (Rifampin)
M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson in Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Ehrlichiae are rickettsia-like organisms transmitted by ticks. Recognized human pathogens are Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum (formerly E. phagocytophilia), and E. ewingii (Amsden et al., 2005; Dumler et al., 2007). These organisms are very sensitive to rifampicin in vitro (Brouqui and Raoult, 1990; Dumler and Bakken, 1995; Klein et al., 1997; Horowitz et al., 2001; Maurin et al., 2003; Branger et al., 2004), although rifampicin was inconsistently effective in eradicating organisms in experimental E. canis infection (Theodorou et al., 2013).
Ticks
Gail Miriam Moraru, Jerome Goddard in The Goddard Guide to Arthropods of Medical Importance, Seventh Edition, 2019
Anaplasma phagocytophilum infects granulocytes and causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA). For many years, this disease was called human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) and is often included in the older medical literature under that label. Complicating matters further, sometimes commercial laboratories may still refer to tests for HGA as human granulocytic ehrlichiosis tests. HGA is mostly reported from the upper midwestern and northeastern United States. There were 3656 cases of HGA reported to the CDC in 2015, a 30% increase over 2014.18 The case fatality rate is 0.3% but can be higher in older patients.31
Severe Tick-Borne Infections and Their Mimics in the Critical Care Unit
Cheston B. Cunha, Burke A. Cunha in Infectious Diseases and Antimicrobial Stewardship in Critical Care Medicine, 2020
Human granulocytic anaplasmosis is caused by Anaplasma phagocytophilum, which is an obligate intracellular bacterium. As the name suggests, the organism exhibits tropism for neutrophils. The geographic distribution is generally identical to Lyme disease, since it is transmitted by the same Ixodes spp. tick vectors.
Detection of Neoehrlichia mikurensis DNA in blood donors in southeastern Sweden
Published in Infectious Diseases, 2022
Lisa Labbé Sandelin, Jenny Olofsson, Conny Tolf, Louise Rohlén, Lars Brudin, Ivar Tjernberg, Per-Eric Lindgren, Björn Olsen, Jonas Waldenström
Although vector-borne infectious agents can be found in blood, they are generally not transmitted directly by blood contact, but by a vector, such as a tick or a mosquito [20]. As a result, vector-borne infections vary geographically depending on vector species distribution, competency, and available reservoirs [8,21]. Several tick-borne pathogens can potentially be transmitted through blood transfusion. Furthermore, many tick-borne microorganisms are located intracellularly, which is an excellent condition for transmission by transfusion [21]. Different tick-borne infections have different cell tropisms that affect prevalence and density in human blood, and thus the probability of transfusion-mediated transmission [22]. In the Northern Hemisphere, a limited number of tick-borne infections have been identified as TTIs [21,22]. The intraerythrocytic protozoan Babesia spp. is of greatest concern to recipient safety [1]. Of transfusion-transmitted tick-borne rickettsiae, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, which infects granulocytes and causes anaplasmosis, is most frequently reported [8,23].
Seropositivity to Midichloria mitochondrii (order Rickettsiales) as a marker to determine the exposure of humans to tick bite
Published in Pathogens and Global Health, 2019
Valentina Serra, Viktoria Krey, Christina Daschkin, Alessandra Cafiso, Davide Sassera, Horst-Günter Maxeiner, Letizia Modeo, Carsten Nicolaus, Claudio Bandi, Chiara Bazzocchi
Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Rickettsia spp., and Babesia spp. antibodies were measured to complete the set of Ixodes ricinus associated pathogens in order to add some further support to determine a previous exposure to ticks, in addition to the memory of a tick bite and to refereed symptoms. The kits used to determine the expanded serological status were: A. phagocytophilum IFA IgG/IgM (Focus Diagnostics, IF1450G/M, Cypress, USA/CA); Rickettsia IFA IgG/IgM (Focus Diagnostics, IF0100g/M); Babesia (B. microti) IFA Substrate Slide and Babesia IgG Detectable control (Focus Diagnostics, IF0904 and IF0910). The serological kits were used and interpreted according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
How relevant are in vitro culture models for study of tick-pathogen interactions?
Published in Pathogens and Global Health, 2021
Cristiano Salata, Sara Moutailler, Houssam Attoui, Erich Zweygarth, Lygia Decker, Lesley Bell-Sakyi
Anaplasma phagocytophilum, a tick-transmitted granulocytotropic bacterium, is an emerging zoonotic infection [118], gaining increasing attention in veterinary medicine as the agent of tick-borne fever in ruminants and granulocytic anaplasmosis in companion animals, including dogs, cats, and horses [119]. Humans are accidental hosts [118], manifesting the so-called human granulocytic anaplasmosis. Cultures are initiated by adding granulocytes from the blood of infected hosts, after hypotonic lysis of erythrocytes, into IDE8, ISE6, IRE/CTVM19, or IRE/CTVM20 cells, often under-reduced O2 [120–124]. Once established in vitro, culture conditions are basically the same as those for A. marginale.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Anaplasmosis
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