The ENT history and examination
Rogan J Corbridge in Essential ENT, 2011
The history in ENT, as with all other branches of medicine and surgery, is of the utmost importance. The information gleaned during this part of the consultation will guide one towards particular areas during the examination and indicate which investigations may be appropriate; this is essential if the doctor is to come to the correct diagnosis. Patients with lumps in the neck must be referred to an ENT specialist, since only the ENT specialist has the adequate equipment and expertise to examine the likely primary sites from which secondary neoplastic neck node deposits may originate. Good illumination is essential when examining all areas in ENT. Most ENT surgeons use a battery-powered or fibre-optic head-light. Nasendoscopy is a skill that even the most junior of ENT doctors must master. Sore throat and tonsillitis along with intra-oral lesions such as ulcers on the tongue are the most common conditions of the mouth seen in ENT practice.
Gastroenterology and hepatology
Fazal-I-Akbar Danish in Essential Lists of Differential Diagnoses for MRCP with diagnostic hints, 2017
Red pharynx and tonsils: 1 Viral infection (viral tonsillitis; infectious mononucleosis – also called glandular fever – caused by Epstein–Barr virus). 2 Bacterial infection (acute follicular tonsillitis complicated by quinsy, retropharyngeal abscess or scarlet fever; meningococcal meningitis). 3 Agranulocytosis (e.g. caused by carbimazole).
Tonsillitis, Adenoiditis, Purulent Nasopharyngitis, and Uvulitis
Itzhak Brook in Anaerobic Infections, 2008
Tonsillitis is a common disease of childhood. It is extremely infectious in that it spreads easily by droplets. The incubation period is two to four days. The diagnosis of tonsillitis generally requires the consideration of group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus (GABHS) infection. However, numerous other bacteria alone or in combinations (including Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae), viruses, and other infectious and noninfectious causes should be considered. Recognition of the cause and choice of appropriate therapy are of utmost importance in assuring rapid recovery and preventing complications.
Total versus subtotal tonsillectomy for recurrent tonsillitis – a prospective randomized noninferiority clinical trial
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2020
Ulrich Kisser, Claudia Lill, Christine Adderson-Kisser, Martin Patscheider, Klaus Stelter
Background: For many years experts have called for randomized controlled trials to resolve the question whether tonsillectomy, which is associated with significant comorbidity, can be replaced by partial tonsillectomy in patients with recurrent tonsillitis. Objective: To find out whether subtotal tonsillectomy is a suitable therapeutic alternative to total tonsillectomy in adult patients with recurrent episodes of acute tonsillitis. Material and methods: Study design – Single-blind prospective non-inferiority randomized clinical trial with intraindividual design. Setting – 80 patients were recruited at a tertiary referral center. Subjects – Adult patients with recurrent tonsillitis received total tonsillectomy on one side and subtotal tonsillectomy on the other side after randomization. Main outcome measure was frequency of postoperative tonsillitis on the side of subtotal tonsillectomy and postoperative pharyngitis in the former tonsil area on the side of total tonsillectomy. The study was registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS-ID: DRKS00015628). Results: Within 12 months none of the subjects suffered from recurrent tonsillitis after subtotal tonsillectomy. Subtotal tonsillectomy caused less pain than total tonsillectomy. Conclusion: Subtotal tonsillectomy might be an alternative treatment option associated with lower morbidity than total tonsillectomy in adults with recurrent tonsillitis.
Comparison of tonsillar biofilms between patients with recurrent tonsillitis and a control group
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2012
Joo Hyun Woo, Sun Tae Kim, Il Gyu Kang, Ju Hyoung Lee, Heung Eog Cha, Dong Young Kim
Conclusion: The results of the study suggest that biofilms play a causative role in recurrent tonsillitis. Objective: To analyze the association between tonsillar biofilms and recurrent tonsillitis. Methods: The recurrent tonsillitis group comprised patients with a history of at least five episodes of tonsillitis per year over the previous 2 years. The control group comprised volunteers scheduled for laryngeal microsurgery with no history of tonsillitis over the previous 2 years. Between October 2009 and August 2010, specimens were obtained from 20 patients with recurrent tonsillitis and 20 volunteers (controls). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to confirm the presence of biofilms. Biofilms were graded at a magnification of ×500 by SEM and classified into five grades. The percentages of subjects affected and biofilm grades were compared between the recurrent tonsillitis and control groups. Results: The two groups were matched for age and sex. SEM revealed that biofilms were significantly more prevalent in the recurrent tonsillitis group than in the control group. Furthermore, the biofilms in the recurrent tonsillitis group were of significantly higher grade than those in the control group.
A Randomized, Open, Comparative Study of Brodimoprim Versus Erythromycin in Patients with Acute Tonsillitis or Bronchitis
Published in Journal of Chemotherapy, 1993
Summary The objective of the study was the comparison of the efficacy and tolerability of brodimoprim to those of erythromycin in children with acute tonsillitis or bronchitis. 50 children aged 0.5 to 9.3 years were included in the study, 25 treated either with brodimoprim or with erythromycin. The evaluation of the therapeutic response was based exclusively on clinical criteria. In the brodimoprim group the therapy was successful in 24 patients (one failure), in the erythromycin group the therapy was also successful in 24 children (one failure). Side effects: three patients treated with brodimoprim reported adverse reactions (stomatitis, vomiting, skin rash), whereas only one patient in the erythromycin group developed a skin rash. Conclusion: both therapeutic regimens were equally effective against bronchitis and tonsillitis in children. The tolerability was good in both groups.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Inflammation
- Pharyngitis
- Pharynx
- Palatine Tonsil
- Tonsil
- Palatine Tonsils
- Adenoids