Nutritional Disorders/Alternative Medicine
Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss in Understanding Medical Terms, 2020
Niacin (B3) deficiency caused by alcoholism or protein-calorie malnutrition produces a state known as pellagra with skin eruptions, dermatitis, dementia, and diarrhea. Deficiency of vitamin B12 is manifested as pernicious anemia or as an uncomplicated deficiency, such as seen in vegetarian diets. Pyridoxine (B6) deficiency is seldom caused by dietary restrictions except in association with alcoholism. Drug-induced deficiency is more common with use of hydralazine, penicillamine, isoniazid, or cycloserine. Symptoms include peripheral sensory neuropathy with ataxia, numbness, skin lesions on the face, glossitis (inflammation of the tongue), stomatitis (inflammation of the mucous membrane of the mouth), and anemia.
Monographs of fragrance chemicals and extracts that have caused contact allergy / allergic contact dermatitis
Anton C. de Groot in Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
In the period 1985–1998, in a Stomatology Center in the USA, 65 cases were found classified as contact stomatitis caused by cinnamon flavoring agents. In 37 of the 65 cases, causative agents were identified, and the signs and symptoms disappeared after the patients discontinued the use of these agents (foods, toothpastes, and chewing gums). Fifteen of the 37 patients were patch tested with cinnamic acid 5% pet. and cinnamal 2% pet. (which may induce irritant reactions), and 12 reacted positively (not specified to which of the test materials). In 26 patients, toothpastes were considered to be the causative agents or contributory (in combination with foods and/or chewing gum). In nine of these, patch tests had been performed with the cinnamon-derivatives, but, again, it was not specified how many and which ones were positive. The most frequent symptoms and signs of stomatitis were erythema (gingiva, buccal mucosa, tongue) (n=8), epithelial sloughing (n=5) and burning or sore mouth (n=5) (4).
Toxicity of Antineoplastic Chemotherapy in Children
Sam Kacew in Drug Toxicity and Metabolism in Pediatrics, 1990
The principal toxic effect of 6-TG is myelosuppression. As with 6-MP, it is necessary to monitor blood counts during therapy. GI toxicity is reported to be much rarer than with 6-MP, although nausea, anorexia, diarrhea, and vomiting may occur.28 Stomatitis may be seen and if severe may necessitate dosage reduction. Hepatic function testing should be done prior to initiation of therapy, because drug-induced jaundice has been reported in a few patients. In addition, 6-TG has been associated with the occurrence of hepatic vein occlusion.29 With prolonged therapy, some patients experience mild neurotoxicity manifested by loss of vibratory sense and unsteady gait.
Impact of frequency of denture cleaning on microbial and clinical parameters – a bench to chairside approach
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2019
Gordon Ramage, Lindsay O’Donnell, Leighann Sherry, Shauna Culshaw, Jeremy Bagg, Marta Czesnikiewicz-Guzik, Clare Brown, Debbie McKenzie, Laura Cross, Andrew MacInnes, David Bradshaw, Roshan Varghese, Paola Gomez Pereira, Anto Jose, Susmita Sanyal, Douglas Robertson
As the elderly population expands to a predicted two billion by 2050, the number of denture wearers will continue to rise. Edentulousness (loss of all teeth) is an irreversible clinical condition that can be described as an ultimate marker of oral disease burden [1]. Currently, around 20% of the UK population wear removable dentures of some form, with 70% of UK adults older than 75 years old wearing dentures [2]. Denture wearing is also associated with socioeconomic deprivation and is more common in women [3]. Many of these individuals have oral diseases related to their denture wearing including denture-induced stomatitis (DS), an inflammation of the denture bearing mucosa [4]. Poor oral hygiene is frequently observed within this group and several factors can impact the onset of DS such as salivary pH, smoking, sugar consumption, oral Candida, age of denture, and, importantly, denture cleanliness [5].
Oral prosthetic microbiology: aspects related to the oral microbiome, surface properties, and strategies for controlling biofilms
Published in Biofouling, 2021
Douglas Roberto Monteiro, Victor Eduardo de Souza Batista, Anne Caroline Morais Caldeirão, Rogério de Castilho Jacinto, Juliano Pelim Pessan
Denture stomatitis is a disease characterized by inflamed or erythematous areas of the oral mucosa for denture support (Gendreau and Loewy 2011), as illustrated in Figure 1. It is often an asymptomatic condition, despite some individuals experiencing pain, itching, or burning sensations in the edentulous areas covered by the dentures (Talapko et al.2021). Prevalence rates range from 2.5 to 77.5% depending on the age of the population, the geographic region, the type of prosthesis evaluated, and the method used to diagnose the disease (Gendreau and Loewy 2011). Its aetiology is multifactorial, including Candida infection, oral mucosal pH below 6.5, prolonged time of use (which increases mucosal exposure to denture biofilm), nocturnal use of dentures, maladaptative-related trauma, inadequate hygiene, and systemic disorders with immunocompromise (Gendreau and Loewy 2011; Marinoski et al.2014).
Severe oral stomatitis due to reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 in a methotrexate-treated patient with dermatomyositis
Published in Immunological Medicine, 2021
Takahiko Akagi, Tomoyuki Mukai, Shunichi Fujita, Takenobu Yamamoto, Mikiko Fukuda, Yoshitaka Morita
MTX is one of the most widely used immunosuppressive drugs for treating autoimmune diseases and is known to induce oral mucositis due to its mucosal toxicity [10,11]. Therefore, MTX toxicity was first suspected as the cause of stomatitis in our case when the patient developed stomatitis during MTX treatment. Our case illustrates the importance of a differential diagnosis for stomatitis. Stomatitis is caused by several other etiologies, such as infection (with bacteria, viruses, and fungi), trauma, systemic lupus erythematosus, immunobullous diseases, and recurrent aphthous stomatitis [1,2]. Thus, detailed medical history taking, blood examination, and microbial culture tests are required for the differential diagnosis. Since there are no obvious differences in the findings of visual examination between MTX-induced and HSV-1 reactivation–induced stomatitis, it is also important to carefully monitor the clinical course of patients with oral stomatitis. HSV-1 reactivation should be strongly suspected, for instance, when stomatitis progresses even after the discontinuation of MTX and supplementation with folinic acid, or when stomatitis rapidly deteriorates with stomatalgia. Furthermore, to appropriately diagnose and treat stomatitis, consultation with dermatologists and otorhinolaryngologists is needed. Other than the PCR test, the Tzanck test or immunochromatographic test can be used as quicker and easier diagnostic methods for the HSV infection in clinical practice.