The eating disorders: anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa
Kathleen M Berg, Dermot J Hurley, James A McSherry, Nancy E Strange, ‘Rose’ in Eating Disorders, 2018
Blood work may be done to assess the visceral protein compartment. The three tests that may be used include serum albumin, serum transferrin and total lymphocyte count. Serum albumin as a parameter to assess serum protein status is directly quantified as part of the routine blood work. Normal levels of serum albumin range from 3.5-5 g/dl. Serum transferrin is a protein produced in the liver, that is assessed to determine visceral protein function. It is considered a more sensitive indicator of protein-calorie malnutrition than serum albumin (Miller Kovach, 1982). Normal levels of serum transferrin range from 2.31 to 4.32 g/1. Total lymphocyte count is used to measure immune function. Total lymphocyte counts of less than 2000/cu mm correlate well with the depressed immune function found in protein-calorie malnutrition.
Haematology
Michael McGhee in A Guide to Laboratory Investigations, 2019
A reduced lymphocyte count occurs in: some infectionsHodgkin’s diseaseTBpost-irradiationsystemic lupusrenal failurecarcinomatosisdrugs (e.g. steroids, lithium and methysergide).
Radiation Syndromes and Their Modifications
Kedar N. Prasad in Handbook of RADIOBIOLOGY, 2020
Table 8.5 summarizes the laboratory findings in persons exposed to a bone marrow syndrome dose: initial granulocytosis within the first 2–4 days after exposure, followed by leukopenia during the fourth and fifth weeks. Recovery of leukocytes was observed at day 36. The lymphocyte changes were less variable. Within 3–4 days, the lymphocytes reached their minimum and remained at this level for at least 5 weeks. The lymphocyte count remained about 800–900/mm3 during this period. However, the number increased slightly thereafter, but did not return to normal values for weeks and months. The severe decline in platelets was not seen until about 28 days after exposure. After 24 days, the number of platelets dropped below 50,000/mm3. Recovery started at day 32, and the values returned to a normal level after about 7 weeks of exposure. A transient mild anemia associated with reticulocytosis was found in most cases. A “late critical phase,”which generally occurs during the fourth and fifth weeks, is characterized by a severe granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia. The “late critical phase”is initiated by nausea, vomiting, fever, and diarrhea. About 50% of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki population exposed to bone marrow syndrome doses died during this “late critical phase.”The survival of the exposed individual depends upon recovery of the bone marrow.
The role of inflammatory parameters in predicting disease recurrence in patients with stage IIA colon cancer with no high-risk features
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2021
Erkan Erdur, Ozgen Ahmet Yildirim, Kerem Poyraz, Ferit Aslan, Fatih Yıldız, Halil Kömek
Lymphocytes play a major role in the antitumor immune response. A lymphocyte count represents the immune system’s ability of response. A low lymphocyte count is shown to be associated with shorter overall survival in patients with colorectal cancer due to low immune response [30]. On the other hand, monocytes also function in tumor progression and metastasis. Tissue macrophages that are derived from circulating monocytes enable angiogenesis, tumor migration, and progression [31]. A higher number of monocytes in the peripheral blood is associated with increased tumor-associated macrophages. Therefore, an elevated monocyte count in peripheral blood reflects a high tumor burden [32]. In their study on 104 patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma, Masatsune et al. [33] demonstrated that patients with LMRs lower than 3.38 at the time of diagnosis had shorter overall survival than patients with LMRs higher than 3.38 (p = 0.001). In another case series of 372 patients with stage II and III colorectal carcinomas, researchers found that both time to relapse (HR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.29–0.76, p = 0.002) and overall survival (HR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.29–0.78, p = 0.003) were shorter in patients with LMRs of <2.83 than in those with LMRs of >2.83 [34]. In our study, the LMR cut off with maximum sensitivity and specificity for predicting relapse was found to be 2.28. However, further analyses failed to demonstrate a significant association between PLR and relapse.
Linalool reverses benzene-induced cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and lysosomal/mitochondrial damages in human lymphocytes
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Ahmad Salimi, Farzad Khodaparast, Shahab Bohlooli, Niloufar Hashemidanesh, Elahe Baghal, Lotfollah Rezagholizadeh
Concisely, the sample blood (5 ml) was gently combined with normal saline (5 ml) in a sterile tube. The prepared samples were gently added to two new sterile tube containing Ficoll Paque plus (3 ml) and centrifuged at 2500 rpm for 20 min at 4 °C. Then, the buffy coat between the plasma and Ficoll Paque plus was collected and added to a new 15 ml sterile falcon tube. The obtained buffy coat for the samples were centrifuged at 1500 rpm for 10 min at 4 °C, and the resulting cell pellet was incubated for 5 min at 37 °C in erythrocyte lysis buffer. The supernatant was removed, and the cell pellet were washed twice with RPMI1640 with L-glutamine and 10% FBS and centrifuged at 2000 g for 7 min. The isolated lymphocytes were suspended in RPMI1640 medium with 10% FBS and L-glutamine at 37º C in normal condition with 5% CO2 and a humidified atmosphere. Prior to the experiments, the number of live cells was estimated by trypan blue dye and the cell viability was more than 95%. The lymphocyte number used in the experiments was 10 × 106 cells/ml (Salimi et al. 2017).
Impact of Radiation Therapy on Biological Parameters in Cancer Patients: Sub-analysis from the RIT Prospective Epidemiological Study
Published in Cancer Investigation, 2023
Nicolas Magné, Elisabeth Daguenet, Wafa Bouleftour, Laurine Conraux, Fabien Tinquaut, Kevin Grangeon, Pablo Moreno-Acosta, Jean-Philippe Suchaud, Chloé Rancoule, Jean-Baptiste Guy
This study showed a lymphopenia-related to RT, which never recovered to baseline lymphocyte levels. Indeed, lymphocytes have been described as the most sensitive cells to radiation in the hematopoietic system (38). The analysis of the hematological inflammatory indicators and their ability to serve as possible prognostic factors have been investigated in several malignant tumors. These have suggested that mainly lymphocytes interplay in controlling tumor growth via secreting cytokines such as interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Thus, low lymphocyte counts may reflect the impaired host immunosurveillance, which might lead to a poor prognosis. Indeed, a recent meta-analysis concluded that radiation induced lymphopenia decreased the overall survival and promoted the progression of head and neck cancer patients (39). Further investigations are therefore needed to evaluate lymphopenia-related RT and the prognosis of solid tumors.
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