The Musculoskeletal System and Its Disorders
Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss in Understanding Medical Terms, 2020
Psoriatic arthritis is also an inflammatory arthritis occurring in association with psoriasis, lesions on the skin. Reiter's syndrome involves arthritis of the spine, along with inflammation of the urethra and iridocyclitis (iris and ciliary body of the eye). Septic arthritis or infectious arthritis is usually acquired from the blood but may also result from the spread of osteomyelitis to the joint. Lyme disease or arthritis is an inflammatory disorder with multiple symptoms involved; transfer is by a tick.
Comparative Anatomy and Physiology of the Mammalian Eye
David W. Hobson in Dermal and Ocular Toxicology, 2020
In addition to its role in the control of light entering the posterior portions of the eye, the iris also actively participates in inflammation. Inflammation of the iris is termed iritis, but if the inflammation involves both the iris and the ciliary body it is termed iridocyclitis, or more commonly anterior uveitis. Because of its vascular nature, the iris is very sensitive to systemic toxins and infectious agents. In addition, a reflex pathway is present that results in inflammation of the anterior uveal tissue when the sensory innervation of the cornea, via the fifth cranial nerve, is stimulated. It is for this reason that animals with severe corneal disease often have a concomitant anterior uveitis. Also, when ulcerated, the cornea may allow passage of exotoxins into the anterior chamber, or alter the aqueous humor pH or oxygenation and result in inflammation. The clinical signs of inflammation are miosis, ocular hyperemia, increased protein, and cells in the aqueous humor, photophobia, and either an increase and/or a decrease in the intraocular pressure, depending on the species involved and the duration of the inflammation.
Ophthalmic plaque brachytherapy: choroidal melanoma and retinoblastoma
A Peyman MD Gholam, A Meffert MD Stephen, D Conway MD FACS Mandi, Chiasson Trisha in Vitreoretinal Surgical Techniques, 2019
Adnexal radiation complications are rarely associated with low energy (125I or 103Pd) plaque radiation therapy.1,13,20,39,40 Transient, surgically related eyelid edema and iridocyclitis have been noted. Late radiation-related anterior segment complications have included dry eye, iris neovascularization, secondary glaucoma, and cataract.1 Acute posterior segment or intraocular radiation complications have included secondary retinal detachment and hemorrhage (vitreous, retinal, and/or choroidal).1 Common late posterior segment complications include both radiation retinopathy and optic neuropathy. Less common complications include strabismus, scleral atrophy, and cystoid macular edema. Radiation therapy of choroidal melanomas can also induce (albeit rarely) exudative or hemorrhagic retinochoroidopathy.1
Intraocular Lymphoma Masquerading as Recurrent Iridocyclitis: Findings Based on in vivo Confocal Microscopy
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2018
Pu Zhang, Jiao Tian, Ling Gao
A 54-year-old female patient complained of blurred vision in her left eye. She had a history of stage IV diffuse large B-cell lymphoma 6 months prior to presentation and had just completed her seventh cycle of chemotherapy. The chemotherapy regimens were E-CHOP (etoposide, cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine, prednisone), but Rituximab-CHOP was applied in the second cycle. The patient was consequently diagnosed with recurrent iridocyclitis in both eyes. During the initial examination, her best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/20 in the right eye and 20/32 in the left eye. Slit lamp examination of the left eye showed a large number of mutton-fat keratic precipitates (KPs) and hypopyon with grey-white deposits resembling crumbs. In addition, several nodules were observed on the surface of inferior iris (Figure 1, Top left). The lens was normal. Furthermore, the anterior ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) examination demonstrated ciliary body thickening, while anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed cloudy anterior chamber and large KPs on the corneal endothelium. Using IVCM, numerous hyper-reflective and bizarre-shaped cells were observed in the anterior chamber (Figure 1, Bottom left). Nevertheless, no abnormal cells were found in any of the corneal layers.
Ocular Inflammatory Reactions following an Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine: A Four Case Series
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2023
Junhong Ren, Tingting Zhang, Xiaoyue Li, Guodong Liu
A 26-year-old woman complained of blurred vision, redness, and ocular pain in the left eye. The symptoms occurred 6 hours after the inactive COVID-19 vaccination (Sinovac). Before the vaccination, there were no discomforts in the eyes. The patient’s BCVA was 1.0 in both eyes. Intraocular pressure was 15.5 mmHg in the right eye and 13.6 mmHg in the left eye. Slit-lamp examination revealed ciliary injection, miosis, and diffuse small keratic precipitates in the left eye, with the presence of flare and cells in the anterior chamber (Figure 5). The fundus examination was normal without any other possible causes, such as rheumatoid arthritis, syphilis, tuberculosis, and viral infections. The clinical diagnosis was iridocyclitis. The patient’s symptoms were eliminated with the treatments of topical steroid (prednisolone acetate), topicamide and pralprofen eye drops.
Uveitis and hypereosinophilia associated with dupilumab in an atopic dermatitis patient
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2023
Shiyu Zhang, Lu Lu, Jindi Feng, Zhonghui Hu, Hongbin Song, Lu Yang, Yuehua Liu, Di Chen, Tao Wang
When the eosinophil count rose to 2.0 × 109/L (19.1% of total white blood cell count), accompanied by a total IgE level of 2494 KU/L, the patient began dupilumab subcutaneous injections of dupilumab at a starting dose of 600 mg followed by 300 mg every 2 weeks. AD improved after the first dose of dupilumab. After the second dose, the patient developed new-onset redness and blurred vision in the left eye, which worsened after the third dose. Slit-lamp examination showed dust keratic precipitates, aqueous flare and floaters (Figure 1(b)). The patient was diagnosed with iridocyclitis, and treated with corticosteroid eye drops. The dose of dupilumab was reduced to 150 mg every 2 weeks. Three weeks later, uveitis completely resolved with no evident slit-lamp signs (Figure 1(c)). Dupilumab was not discontinued, and there was no recurrence of uveitis during a follow-up period of 20 months.