Companion Animals Models of Human Disease
Rebecca A. Krimins in Learning from Disease in Pets, 2020
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial disorder with many different putative influences mediating disease onset, severity, progression, and diminution. Spontaneous natural IBD is classically expressed as Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) commonly found in primates; lymphoplasmacytic enteritis, eosinophilic gastritis and colitis, and ulcerative colitis with neuronal hyperplasia in dogs; and colitis in horses. Spontaneous inflammatory bowel disease has been noted in a number of rodent models which differ in genetic strain background, induced mutation, microbiota influences, and immunopathogenic pathways. Histological lesions in Crohn’s disease feature non-caseating granulomatous inflammation, while UC lesions typically exhibit ulceration, lamina propria inflammatory infiltrates, and lack of granuloma development. Intestinal inflammation caused by CD and UC is also associated with increased incidence of intestinal neoplasia(89–91).
Perianal disease
Alexander Trevatt, Richard Boulton, Daren Francis, Nishanthan Mahesan in Take Charge! General Surgery and Urology, 2020
The specific details to elicit are: The duration of symptoms.Previous episodes of abscess or fistula, their location and any interventions that took place.Has the patient been started on any antibiotics?Systemic features of sepsis, e.g. fever, malaise, vomiting, anorexia.Symptoms of underlying inflammatory bowel disease.Potential immunosuppression (e.g. steroids, diabetes, HIV [human immunodeficiency virus], other immunosuppressive medication: methotrexate, MMF [mycophenolate mofetil], cyclosporin).Clinical features of underlying malignancy.Symptoms or a past medical history of a fistula (purulent or foul-smelling discharge).
Abdominal Pain
Mark V. Boswell, B. Eliot Cole in Weiner's Pain Management, 2005
Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are idiopathic intestinal inflammatory disorders that are lifelong. Both diseases are associated with abdominal pain, among other symptoms, including gastrointestinal bleeding, diarrhea, fistula, abscess, weight loss, anemia, and increased prevalence of intestinal cancer, especially of the colon when it is involved. Both diseases are associated with relapses resulting in high morbidity and have a negative impact on quality of life (Cohen, 2002). The goal of treatment of these chronic illnesses is to control symptoms effectively, to prevent complications as a result of the disease, and to avoid adverse reactions related to available treatment. Although the etiology is not completely understood, several mechanisms are important in the development and manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and include genetic as well as environmental factors. The therapies available continue to evolve and currently involve conventional therapy in addition to biologic and anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) agents. It is hoped that a cure will be discovered, but for the 1 to 2 million plus patients with IBD in North America (Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation of America, Inc., 2004), symptomatic control offers the best opportunity for improved quality of living.
Impact of phytosterols on liver and distal colon metabolome in experimental murine colitis model: an explorative study
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2019
Nunzia Iaccarino, Jussara Amato, Bruno Pagano, Anna Di Porzio, Matteo Micucci, Luca Bolelli, Rita Aldini, Ettore Novellino, Roberta Budriesi, Antonio Randazzo
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic inflammatory conditions affecting the gastrointestinal tract1. Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), which represent the most common IBD subtypes, are both characterised by a dysregulated immune response to commensal flora caused by genetic, environmental, and microbiological factors. However, the accurate aetiology of IBD is still not completely understood2,3. Even though, the highest incidence rate of IBD has traditionally been reported in North America and Western Europe, a very recent study reports that its occurrence is increasing in newly industrialised countries in Africa, Asia, and South America, including Brazil and Taiwan, whose societies have become more westernised. These data highlight the importance of research for prevention of IBD to manage this complex and costly disease4.
Butyrate mediates anti-inflammatory effects of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in intestinal epithelial cells through Dact3
Published in Gut Microbes, 2020
Marion Lenoir, Rebeca Martín, Edgar Torres-Maravilla, Sead Chadi, Pamela González-Dávila, Harry Sokol, Philippe Langella, Florian Chain, Luis G. Bermúdez-Humarán
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract.1,2 One potential cause (and/or consequence) of IBD is the disruption of the intestinal ecosystem equilibrium. For example, gut microbiota analysis of Crohn’s disease (a type of IBD) patients revealed markedly lower diversity of Firmicutes (in particular of the Clostridium leptum group) compared to healthy individuals.3 These assemblages are also relatively poor in Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, a major member of the C. leptum group and one of the most abundant intestinal bacteria in healthy adults.4,5 Because a potential approach to prevent and treat IBD is the oral administration of probiotic and commensal bacteria6, F. prausnitzii may represent a relevant target for the development of diagnostic, prognostic, or therapeutic tools.
The aqueous extract of Ocimum gratissimum leaves ameliorates acetic acid-induced colitis via improving antioxidant status and hematological parameters in male Wistar rats
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2018
Kehinde P. Olamilosoye, Rufus O. Akomolafe, Olumide S. Akinsomisoye, Modinat A. Adefisayo, Quadri K. Alabi
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease that affects the colonic mucosa and is clinically characterized by diarrhea, abdominal pain and hematochezia. The prevalence of inflammatory bowel diseases, including ulcerative colitis, is generally higher, with an estimated of 250 cases per 100,000 individuals in western countries but is becoming common in rest of the world due to the adoption of western lifestyle [1,2] . The etiology of inflammatory bowel diseases is still not fully understood but it is widely acknowledged that they result from complex interplay among genetic, environmental, microbial and immune factors [3]. Worsen and inappropriate mucosal immune response mediated by mucosal T cells triggers the release of several pro-inflammatory mediators, including reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, neutrophil infiltration and overproduction of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines [3]. All these factors can cause tissue damage and are thought to be critical events in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Inflammation
- Large Intestine
- Small Intestine
- Crohn's Disease
- Ulcerative Colitis
- Diarrhea
- Rectal Bleeding
- Weight Loss
- Anemia
- Arthritis