Opsonization of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans by LPS-Directed IgG Antibodies in Sera of Juvenile Periodontitis Patients
Helmut Brade, Steven M. Opal, Stefanie N. Vogel, David C. Morrison in Endotoxin in Health and Disease, 2020
Periodontitis, commonly known as gum disease, is an inflammatory process that leads to the progressive loss of periodontal ligament cells and alveolar bone that provide support for the teeth. Bacteria resident in dental plaque are considered to be the primary etiologic agents of periodontal disease. A number of distinct forms of periodontitis are currently recognized, differing in microbial etiology, rate of progression, and response to periodontal therapy (1). While many adults experience some degree of periodontitis (“adult periodontitis”) after the third decade of life, certain forms of periodontitis, termed early-onset periodontitis (EOP), become manifest at an earlier age. EOP develops during childhood or adolescence and is thought to be associated with defects in host defense, especially involving production or function of cirulating polymorphonuclear neutrophils.
Dental Disease, Inflammation, Cardiovascular Disease, Nutrition and Nutritional Supplements
Stephen T. Sinatra, Mark C. Houston in Nutritional and Integrative Strategies in Cardiovascular Medicine, 2022
Periodontal disease, when left untreated, can lead to tooth loss from the destruction of the bone supporting the teeth. Recent studies suggest that in adults over the age of 30, 42%–47% have some form of periodontal disease. In those aged 65 and above, that incidence increases to 70.1% affecting 64.7 million Americans.1–3 Prevalence is highest in Hispanics (63.5%) and non-Hispanic blacks (59.1%), followed by non-Hispanic Asian Americans (50.0%) and lowest in non-Hispanic whites (40.8%).4 With respect to gender, this condition is more common in men than women (56.4% vs 38.4%). Additionally, this disease is more prevalent in those living below the federal poverty level (65.4%), in individuals with less than a high school education (66.9%) and in current smokers (64.2%). This data was confirmed with the 2017–2018 NHANES report, and its updated data was reported in May 2021.5 Research has demonstrated that periodontal disease is associated with multiple systemic health conditions, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, osteoporosis, pulmonary disorders, renal issues and Alzheimer’s to name a few. It is currently being studied and cross-referenced to 57 other systemic diseases.6,7
Other Complications of Diabetes
Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo in Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, 2022
Periodontal disease involves gum and bone infections, which are more common in diabetic patients. In advanced cases, it can cause painful chewing and teeth loss. Thickening of blood vessels around gums increase the risk of periodontitis. This is because the flow of nutrients and removal of harmful wastes from the mouth is reduced, weakening resistance of gum and bone tissue to infection. The early stage of periodontal disease is called gingivitis, in which the gums become swollen and red, and may bleed. The more serious form is called periodontitis, in which the gums pull away from the teeth, bone may be lost, and the teeth can loosen and fall out.
Development of a multispecies periodontal biofilm model within a stirred bioreactor
Published in Biofouling, 2020
Maick Meneguzzo Prado, Davi J. Kovalski, Willy Bustillos Torrez, Bruno Bueno-Silva, Magda Feres, Josiane de Almeida, Luismar M. Porto
A biofilm is a complex structure that may harbor a wide variety of microorganisms. Some attributes of this structure are outstanding, such as the altered growth rates and community response to environmental stimuli through coordinated control of gene transcription, which is different from planktonic microorganisms (Donlan and Costerton 2002). In the oral cavity, a wide variety of bacterial species, among them the 700 already identified (Aas et al. 2005), are organized as biofilms according to the surface colonized (Simon-Soro et al. 2013; Rossoni et al. 2018). On the outer surface of teeth, two environments can be observed, the supragingival and the subgingival, both colonized by complex polymicrobial biofilms (Knight et al. 2016). The subgingival microbiota can be divided into different complexes based on the association of microbial species with healthy or diseased sites. Socransky complexes are distinguished by distinct colors according to their virulence effect (Socransky et al. 1988). During an unhealthy condition, when these biofilms are not constantly removed, a state of dysbiosis is generated. This initially results in gingivitis, a gum disease which can be aggravated and progress to periodontitis (Kelly et al. 2004).
Association between oral and general health related quality of life among Norwegian patients with substance use disorders in opioid agonist therapy
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2023
Anne Nordrehaug Åstrøm, Jørn Henrik Vold, Christer Frode Aas, Kjell Arne Johansson, Lars Thore Fadnes
According to national and international studies, patients with substance use disorder (SUD) suffer from increased health risks, such as a higher burden of mental health disorders, lung diseases, chronic infections including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), tuberculosis, hepatitis C and B, overdoses and related mortalities compared to the general population [1]. Specific oral diseases in terms of tooth loss, progressive caries, and periodontal disease are also more commonly observed among SUD patients than in the general population [2]. These sequelae might affect patients’ quality of life [3,4]. Thus, oral and general health related quality of life are important outcome measures in clinical and epidemiological research to complement clinical effectiveness and monitor the burden of disease. Besides numerous health and oral health related problems, poor lifestyle, low awareness of oral health and use of dental health care services, social and environmental factors and the substances taken by SUD patients impact negatively on their oral status, well-being, and quality of life [2,5].
Which procedures and materials could be applied for full pulpotomy in permanent mature teeth? A systematic review
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2019
M. Zanini, M. Hennequin, PY. Cousson
Pulpotomy was indicated for various clinical diagnoses or clinical situations: reversible pulpitis [3,55,58,68,69,73,83], irreversible pulpitis [45,53,54,59,60,65–67,71,73,76–81,83,88] and chronic pulpitis (either hyperplasic pulpitis or condensing osteitis) [43,57,62,63] were the reported diagnoses. The absence of a clear clinical diagnosis was reported in three studies [50,51,70]. The association of responsiveness to cold stimulation, tenderness to pressure and periapical radiolucency were considered to indicate vital pulp in one case report [50], while another case was noted without symptoms, radiological loss of lamina dura and normal bleeding [51]. Lack of symptoms and radiological signs for pulpal or periodontal disease associated with pulp bleeding when opening the pulp were used in a cohort study [70].
Related Knowledge Centers
- Diabetes
- Gingivitis
- Homocysteine
- Periodontium
- Smoking
- Tooth
- Tooth Loss
- Bad Breath
- HIV/AIDS
- Gums