Molecular diagnosis of endometrial receptivity
Carlos Simón, Linda C. Giudice in The Endometrial Factor, 2017
Products of key upregulated genes include glycodelin, which decreases maternal immune response to the implanting embryo (105); CXCL14, a chemokine that acts as a major recruitment stimulus for immune cells during the WOI (106), as well as chemotaxis of natural killer cells to cluster around epithelial glands (107); and IL-15, involved in uNK cell proliferation and differentiation (108) from peripheral blood CD16(–) NK cells (109). Proteins from other genes that are upregulated during the receptive phase help protect the endometrium or the embryo, as happens with metallothioneins and glutathione peroxidases (GPXs) (antioxidants), which guard against free radicals, heavy metals, and oxidative damage. GPX3, a major contributor to antioxidant activity in plasma, protects against oxidative stress at the time of implantation (110). Furthermore, GPX3 is positively associated with insulin sensitivity, allowing a higher level of glucose availability in the endometrium (111), and is deregulated, together with progestagen-associated endometrial protein (PAEP) (glycodelin precursor) and LIF in obese women suffering from infertility or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) (112).
Anti-inflammatory, Anti-allergic, Antipyretic, Antinociceptive, Antithrombotic, and Anti-coagulant Activities of Seaweeds and their Extracts
Leonel Pereira in Therapeutic and Nutritional Uses of Algae, 2018
Water-soluble acidic polysaccharides from the cell walls of Ulva rigida are mainly composed of disaccharides that contain glucuronic acid and sulfated rhamnose. The structure of disaccharides resembles that of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) as they both contain glucuronic acid and sulfated sugars. Certain types of GAGs can even activate macrophages and therefore the acidic polysaccharides from U. rigida probably modulate macrophage activity. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of U. rigida polysaccharides on several RAW264.7 murine macrophage activities, including expression of inflammatory cytokines and receptors, nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production, and nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS-2) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene expression. U. rigida acidic polysaccharides induced a more than twofold increase in the expression of several chemokines (chemokine (C motif) ligand 1, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 22 and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 14 (Cxcl14)) and in the expression of IL6 signal transducer and IL12 receptor beta 1. Incubation of macrophages with U. rigida polysaccharides also induced an increase in nitrite production, although this effect decreased considerably after desulphation of polysaccharides, suggesting that the sulphate group is important for the stimulatory capacity of these molecules. U. rigida polysaccharides also stimulated macrophage secretion of PGE2 and induced an increase in COX-2 and NOS-2 expression. The results indicate that U. rigida acid polysaccharide can be used as an experimental immunostimulant for analysing inflammatory responses related to macrophage functions. In addition, these polysaccharides may also be of clinical interest for modifying certain macrophage activities in diseases where macrophage function is impaired or needs to be boosted (Leiro et al. 2007).
Chemokine switch regulated by TGF-β1 in cancer-associated fibroblast subsets determines the efficacy of chemo-immunotherapy
Published in OncoImmunology, 2022
Angélique Vienot, Jean-René Pallandre, Elodie Renaude, Julien Viot, Adeline Bouard, Laurie Spehner, Marie Kroemer, Syrine Abdeljaoued, Bas van der Woning, Hans de Haard, Romain Loyon, Eric Hervouet, Paul Peixoto, Christophe Borg
Chemokines guide the migration of immune cells and play a major role in the TME regulation. The production of Th1-type chemokines is associated with a T-cell-inflamed phenotype and CXCL9/10 are biomarkers of clinical response to anti-PD-1.19,24 In contrast, CXCL14 is a chemoattractant for immature dendritic cells, monocytes, macrophages, and NK cells, but not T cells.25 Chemokine levels were measured in whole tumor lysates by ELISA. Interestingly, while immunotherapy targeting PD-1 and TGF-β1 did not modulate CXCL9/10, TGF-β1 neutralization promoted the production of these two chemokines by the CT26 microenvironment following treatment with chemo-immunotherapy. Conversely, the CXCL14 level decreased after chemo-immunotherapy and anti-TGF-β1 (Figure 3a). Of note, we observed that FOLFOX induced CXCL14 production. The regulation of CXCL9/10/14 expression by TGF-β1 signaling in tumors was also confirmed by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR; Figure S4A).
miR-17-5p-CXCL14 axis related transcriptome profile and clinical outcome in diffuse gliomas
Published in OncoImmunology, 2018
Ailiang Zeng, Jianxin Yin, Zheng Wang, Chuanbao Zhang, Rui Li, Zhuoran Zhang, Wei Yan, Yongping You
The mechanisms of CXCL14 expression regulation are not well elucidated. Through screening transcriptomic data, we firstly determined the association between CXCL14 and immune cell populations. We found that recruitment and function of immune cells played important roles in this process. As reported previously, CXCL14 expression was involved in the aspects of neutrophil chemotaxis, cancer-associated fibroblasts progression and activation, and regulatory T Cells activation,37-40 which have attracted the interest of targeting these cells in cancer therapy. In the present study, a strong correlation of CXCL14 expression with T cells, Monocytic lineage, Neutrophils and Fibroblasts cells within glioma environment in both TCGA and CGGA datasets were demonstrated.Futhermore, we also explored the association between CXCL14 expression and 7 immune related metagenes.26 CXCL14 were positively associated with HCK, LCK, MHC-I, MHC-II and STAT1.These 5 metagenes positively correlating with CXCL14 were mainly involved in activities of T cells and antigen-presenting cells, which was in line with the analysis mentioned above.
CXCL14 inhibits the growth and promotes apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via suppressing Akt/mTOR pathway
Published in Journal of Receptors and Signal Transduction, 2021
Jianqiang Bi, Quanle Liu, Yunchuan Sun, Xiuru Hu, Xinying He, Chengzhen Xu
C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 14 (CXCL14), which is an orphan member of the CXC chemokine subfamily, locates on human chromosome 5q31 [6,7]. Mounting evidence uncovers the tumor-suppressive role of CXCL14. Specifically, when CXCL14 is expressed in Lewis lung carcinoma cells, the tumor volume is reduced and tumor cell metastasis is suppressed in a transgenic mice model without any observable side effects [8]. Moreover, CXCL14 targeting LCE gene is identified to be a tumor suppressor in oral carcinoma [9]. In addition, previous studies also discovered high-expressed CXCL14 in cancers such as breast cancer [10], colon cancer [11] and pancreatic cancer [12], in which CXCL14 can be expressed by cancer cells or stromal cells or both the two types of cells [13]. Hence, the specific function of CXCL14 in cancers may be dependent on tumor type. In HCC tissues, low-expressed CXCL14 has been detected, and overexpressed CXCL14 inhibits tumor cell proliferation and invasion and induces apoptosis, and silencing CXCL14 can be reversed by pharmacological demethylation, indicating that methylation is the primary mechanism underlying the inactivation of CXCL14 in HCC [14,15]. However, the specific mechanism of CXCL14 on HCC should be investigated.