Anterior uveitis
Gwyn Samuel Williams, Mark Westcott, Carlos Pavesio in Practical Uveitis, 2017
Anterior uveitis makes up the vast majority of uveitis cases seen in eye casualty. The most common mistake made in treating anterior uveitis is when the patient does not have anterior uveitis, but anterior signs from a posterior uveitis. Attacks of anterior uveitis are typically limited and recurrent as opposed to persistent and chronic. A hypopyon is an inferior collection of inflammatory material at the bottom of the anterior chamber which is a sign of severity. Cells are actual observed leucocytes in the anterior chamber, a testament to the magnification ability of the slit lamp. When measuring the severity of anterior uveitis the main two measures used are therefore cells and flare. Patients with recurrent anterior uveitis are more likely to develop cataract and when they undergo cataract surgery they are more likely to develop a flare-up of anterior uveitis as a result of the surgery.
The uveal tract
Mary E. Shaw, Agnes Lee in Ophthalmic Nursing, 2018
This chapter looks at the gross anatomy and physiology of the uveal tract and the treatment of uveal tract conditions. The uveal tract comprises the middle vascular pigmented layer of the eye. It is composed of three areas: the choroid, the ciliary body, the iris. Anterior uveitis or iritis is inflammation of the iris, or iris and ciliary body. It is usually a recurring condition in which the cause is unknown in 70" of cases. Accurate ocular examination forms an important part in the diagnosis of acute anterior uveitis and should include the following: visual acuity – the patient's best corrected visual acuity should be taken and recorded, slit lamp examination of the eye, tonometry to establish intraocular pressure, gonioscopy to determine the presence of any anterior or posterior synaechiae, fundus examination as intermediate or posterior uveitis often results in anterior inflammation.
Ophthalmology
Kaji Sritharan, Jonathan Rohrer, Alexandra C Rankin, Sachi Sivananthan in Essential Notes for Medical and Surgical Finals, 2021
Beware that eyesight may be threatened and action may be required immediately. Causes include conjunctivitis, keratitis, episcleritis, scleritis, anterior uveitis and acute glaucoma. It is important to distinguish between painless versus painful (identified in brackets) causes. Inflammation of the uveal tract, i.e. the iris, ciliary body and choroid. A hypopyon may be present and there may be keratic precipitates (clumps of inflammatory cells) and synechiae (adhesions of the iris to the lens). Damage to the optic nerve secondary to raised intraocular pressure. Classified as primary or secondary (associated with ocular disease); acute or chronic; and closed-angle (iris in contact with the trabecular meshwork) or open-angle (iris not in contact with the trabecular meshwork): Chronic and acute closed angle. Hereditary condition with clinical features of night blindness, tunnel vision and classical fundus appearance.
Differential Diagnosis of Viral-Induced Anterior Uveitis
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2018
Lia Judice Relvas, Laure Caspers, Soon-Phaik Chee, Manfred Zierhut, François Willermain
Diagnosis of uveitis is often challenging, but can be easy in typical viral-induced anterior uveitis (VIAU). Associated symptoms and signs are an important source of information. Certain classical clinical features such as keratic precipitates (KPs) distribution, iris atrophy, elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), and unilaterality are commonly used to support the diagnosis of VIAU. However, many etiologies of anterior uveitis may to a certain extent mimic VIAU, especially the ones with unilateral granulomatous KPs and elevated IOP. This review begins with how the clinician can differentiate viral from nonviral anterior uveitis, and subsequently focuses on the key features which may aid in differentiating among the different viruses that cause VIAU.
Orbital Inflammatory Syndrome and Anterior Uveitis: A Case Series
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2018
Eric L. Crowell, Alden K. Bahr, Ore-ofe O. Adesina, Ankur A. Kamdar, Kartik S. Kumar, Alla Goldberg
Purpose: To describe four cases of orbital inflammatory syndrome (OIS) with associated anterior uveitis that have presented within 2 years to our practice. Methods: Charts of patients diagnosed with OIS from June 2013 to May 2015 were reviewed. Results: Four patients, three children and one adult, presented with orbital swelling, pain, and varying degrees of vision loss. Treatment with intravenous methylprednisolone resulted in significant symptomatic improvement in all cases initially; when symptoms recurred, the patients had evidence of anterior uveitis. With continued systemic therapy and the addition of topical prednisolone, the patients all achieved control of their uveitis and OIS and are well controlled with regular outpatient follow-up. Conclusions: Reports of OIS-associated with uveitis are relatively rare. The presentation of three pediatric patients and one adult patient to the same practice with OIS and secondary uveitis within a 2-year period may indicate that the association is underreported.
Changes in Corneal Thickness and Specular Microscopic Indices in Acute Unilateral Anterior Uveitis
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2016
Tooka Banaee, Masoud Shafiee, Reza Alizadeh, Mohamad Hashem Naseri
Purpose: To compare central corneal thickness (CCT) and specular microscopic indices in active unilateral anterior uveitis with the same indices 1 week after the initiation of treatment. Methods: This study included 30 eyes with active unilateral idiopathic anterior uveitis. CCT and specular microscopic indices were compared before and after 1 week of the treatment with topical medications. Results: At the first visit, mean CCT was significantly greater in affected eyes (mean ± standard deviation: 514.0 ± 23.0) than in fellow eyes (493.2 ± 10.6) (p
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