Disorders in tHemostasis System and Changes in the Rheological Properties of the Blood in Ischemic Heart Disease and Diabetes Mellitus Patients
E.I. Sokolov in Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus, 2020
Physiological studies revealed that the thrombocytes perform specific functions [67, 98, 405]. First of all, they have their own system of energy supply that is represented by the mitochondria and grains of glycogen. Of very great importance is the ability of the thrombocyte membranes to deform because: with a change in the morphological properties, the thrombocytes may sharply increase their contact surface; the transition from a disk-shaped form to a spherical one is attended by the formation of numerous pseudopods that (like bristles) create conditions for aggregation;having a possibility of altering the physicochemical properties under the influence of the aggregating agents (collagen, thrombin, ADP), the thrombocytes carry out reconstruction of the phospholipid enzymes; an important role here is played by cAMP that affects the activity of proteinkinase.
Case 95: A Confused Young Person with Focal Neurological Signs
Layne Kerry, Janice Rymer in 100 Diagnostic Dilemmas in Clinical Medicine, 2017
HIT is the development of thrombocytopenia following treatment with heparin and typically presents 4–10 days after treatment commences. It is much more common with unfractionated heparin and only rarely described with low molecular weight heparin, usually when there has been prior exposure to unfractionated heparin. Despite the low platelet count, patients are at high risk of thrombosis rather than bleeding. Type 1 HIT occurs following a direct effect of heparin on platelet activation and is not immune-mediated. Type 2 HIT is an immune-mediated phenomenon whereby patients develop antibodies to ‘platelet factor 4/heparin’ complexes leading to increased platelet activation and aggregation. Fondaparinux is commonly used to anticoagulate patients who have developed HIT as it has a comparatively low affinity for platelet factor 4.
Radiotracers for Nonimaging Studies
Garimella V. S. Rayudu, Lelio G. Colombetti in Radiotracers for Medical Applications, 2019
The cellular elements present in the blood are broadly divided into three groups: erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), and thrombocytes (platelets). The circulating red blood cells are nonnucleated, with a minor percentage (in human) of cells containing fine basophilic reticulum of RNA (reticulocytes). Under pathological conditions a varying percentage of immature red cells, or spherocytes, sickle cells, etc. circulate. The leukocytes have a well-recognized nucleus: granulocytes (mostly neutrophils) and monocytes are mainly produced in the bone marrow whereas lymphocytes are produced by the lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, and bone marrow. Thrombocytes are more like nonnucleated particles which are produced in the bone marrow by the megakaryocytes.
Identification and validation of core genes in tumor-educated platelets for human gastrointestinal tumor diagnosis using network-based transcriptomic analysis
Published in Platelets, 2023
Yuhong Jiang, Jun He, Xiaobo Wang, Chao Liu, Weihan Zhou, Dekun Liu, Zhushu Guo, Kuijie Liu
From the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/), gene expression information was retrieved by searching for “tumor” AND “platelets” AND “Homo sapiens” AND “series,” and BioProject database (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/) by searching for “tumor” (All Fields) AND “platelets” (All Fields). The datasets were then selected for inclusion using the following criteria: (a) the thrombocytes must be derived from human blood samples; (b) both tumor patients and healthy individuals must be included in each study; (c) the kind of tumor must be gastrointestinal tumor; (d) each group must contain at least three samples; and (e) must contain read count data from bulk RNA sequencing. The following analysis was performed on a total of three studies (GSE68086, PRJNA737596, and GSE160252; Table I) that satisfied the inclusion requirements. All the retrieved datasets were high-throughput sequencing gene expression datasets.
Reference change values of FIB-4
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, 2023
Arne Åsberg, Lena Løfblad, Gunhild Garmo Hov, Gustav Mikkelsen
From the laboratory information system we collected non-identifiable data from adult outpatients in the period April 2020 - January 2023. We obtained data on age, AST, ALT and thrombocytes measured in the same sample for different samples taken at least 1 day apart from the same patient. Age was calculated as the mean of age at the two sampling days. Patients where these blood tests were measured for more than 2 times during the collecting period were excluded because we thought multiple testing could indicate disease. For the same reason, we also excluded patients with any value of AST, ALT or thrombocytes exceeding their respective reference limits. The reference limits for women were 15-35 U/L of AST and 10-45 U/L of ALT, and for men they were 15-45 U/L for AST and 10-70 U/L for ALT. The reference limits of thrombocytes were 164-370 × 109/L for both women and men.
Platelet to white blood cell ratio was an independent prognostic predictor in acute myeloid leukemia
Published in Hematology, 2022
Shuqi Zhao, Hanzhang Pan, Qi Guo, Wanzhuo Xie, Jinghan Wang
Notably, clinical parameters are still important factors for classification in CN-AML [3]. In clinical practice, patients with AML often present with leukocytosis and thrombocytopenia. Leukocytosis is usually caused by leukemia blasts, which release from bone marrow storage pool to peripheral blood. At the same time, leukemia blasts can suppress hematopoiesis including the inhibition of the generation of platelets [4]. Notably, high WBC had been regarded as a reliable indicator of poor clinical outcome [5]. Generally, platelet count has been used to predict bleed risk in AML. Low platelet count can contribute to bleeding complications, which is a dangerous and potentially fatal complication [5]. Recently, a combinational index of platelet and WBC had been proved as an independent prognostic predictor in several diseases such as acute-on-chronic liver failure, renal malignancy, ischemic stroke, and acute promyelocytic leukemia [5–8]. However, whether this ratio of platelet and WBC counts (PWR) has somewhat prognostic indication in CN-AML is still not investigated. Therefore, we analyzed the prognostic value of PWR in a large cohort of CN-AML patients.