Oxy Radical and Peroxide Formation by Hemoglobin and Myoglobin
Robert A. Greenwald in CRC Handbook of Methods for Oxygen Radical Research, 2018
Hemoglobins (Hb) and myoglobins (Mb) can undergo reactions that provide convenient methods for the continuous generation of superoxide, peroxide, and hydroxyl radical as products of dioxygen reduction. Solutions of oxyhemoglobin or oxymyoglobin yield superoxide via the overall process of Reaction (1) wherein the reduced heme provides the single electron required for conversion of O 2 to O 2 − .
Iron
Howerde E. Sauberlich in Laboratory Tests for the Assessment of Nutritional Status, 2018
Iron deficient erythropoiesis has been defined as a state in which the supply of iron is inadequate to support optimal erythropoiesis in the developing red cell mass. Most of the iron in these items is present as heme iron, which has a high bioavailability. Iron is a constituent of hemoglobin, myoglobin, cytochromes, and a number of other proteins which function in the utilization, transport, and storage of oxygen. Serum transferrin receptor assays provide more reliable information on iron status since non-nutritional factors and chronic diseases have little effect on transferrin receptor status. Hemoglobin concentrations and/or hematocrit values are relatively insensitive indices that detect only the more severe states of iron deficiency. The impaired cognitive performance and decreased work capacity that may occur with an iron deficiency at any age is particularly disconcerting. Plasma iron levels and transferrin saturation levels are useful for screening purpose but can be misleading because of influences by other clinical disorders.
Cardiovascular observations (III)
William T. Blows in The Biological Basis of Clinical Observations, 2018
Blood tests for specific diseases look for either antibodies that the body has created to fight that disease or a combination of both antibodies and viral antigen. Blood plasma levels are normally very low because it is normally restricted to muscle tissue. Raised levels indicate muscle trauma, which causes release of myoglobin into circulation. It is not specific to cardiac muscle, and blood levels can rise following intramuscular injection, exhaustive exercise, electrical shock cardioversion, skeletal muscle disease and muscle trauma. The immune system is a collection of specialised blood cells and their protein products, plus chemical agents, all dedicated to protecting the body against foreign, invading organisms such as bacteria and viruses. There are different blood grouping systems known. Of these, the only two used in clinical practice are the ABO system (discovered in 1901) and the rhesus (Rh) system. The other systems are ignored because any reaction they cause is mild and transient.
Deuterium oxide protects against myocardial injury induced by ischemia and reperfusion in rats
Published in Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal, 2019
Yuko Ishikawa, Hirotoshi Kitagawa, Tadashi Sawada, Tomoyoshi Seto, Kan Takahashi, Toji Yamazaki
Objectives. Although deuterium oxide (D2O) has preservative property on the extracted organ, whether D2O also protects the in situ myocardial injury remains unknown. Using cardiac microdialysis, local administration of D2O through dialysis probe was applied in situ rat heart. We examined the effect of the D2O on the myocardial injury induced ischemia, reperfusion, and chemical hypoxia. Methodology. We measured dialysate myoglobin levels during 30 min of coronary occlusion and reperfusion in the absence and presence of D2O. Furthermore, to confirm the effect of D2O on NaCN induced myocardial injury, we measured the dialysate myoglobin levels with local perfusion of NaCN in the absence and presence of D2O. Results. The dialysate myoglobin levels increased from 177 ± 45 ng/mL at baseline to 3030 ± 1523 ng/mL during 15–30 min of coronary occlusion and further increased to 8588 ± 1684ng/mL at 0–15 min of reperfusion. The dialysate myoglobin levels with 60 min local perfusion of NaCN increased to 1214 ± 279 ng/mL. D2O attenuated myocardial myoglobin release during 15–30 min of coronary occlusion and 0-30 min of reperfusion and 15–60 min of local perfusion of NaCN. Conclusions. D2O might have a beneficial effect of myocardium against ischemia, reperfusion and chemical hypoxia.
Methyl and methylene vibrations response in amino acids of typical proteins in water solution under high-frequency electromagnetic field
Published in Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, 2019
Emanuele Calabrò, Salvatore Magazù
The aim of this paper was to study the response of methyl (CH3) and methylene (CH2) vibration bands in amino acids of some typical proteins diluted in bidistilled water solution after exposure to a high-frequency electromagnetic fields using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. Hemoglobin in H2O solution and bovine serum albumin and myoglobin diluted in different D2O solutions were exposed for 4 h to a power density of 0.95 W/m2 at the frequency of 1750 MHz, emitted by operational mobile phones Nokia model 105 and Samsung model GT-E1270, in order to study the response of stretching vibrations of CH3 and CH2 that are in amino acids of those proteins. The main result was that CH3 stretching bands increased significantly in myoglobin in D2O solution because this protein is represented by a single protein chain so that the torque induced by the applied field is larger than that induced on the other two proteins. Otherwise, CH2 stretching vibrations decreased in intensity significantly for all exposed proteins. This result can be explained as well, assuming that, given a fixed volume, a decrease of population of CH2 occurred after exposure because of the alignment of proteins α-helices along the direction of the applied electromagnetic field.
Review of point-of-care testing and biomarkers of cardiovascular diseases in emergency and prehospital medicine
Published in Acta Cardiologica, 2015
Pierre-Géraud Claret, Xavier Bobbia, Claire Roger, Mustapha Sebbane, Jean-Emmanuel De La Coussaye
Medical reasoning must be constructed on clinical evidence-based biology and follow a process of a priori assumptions. The introduction of a solution of point-of-care testing must result from any work involving clinicians, biologists, and administration. Several solutions of point-of-care testing allow the dosage of cardiac enzymes (CPK, myoglobin, and troponin) or BNP in less than half an hour time. The point-of-care testing saves time in obtaining the results earlier. It seems to allow timesaving on the overall care of the patient and the duration of his stay in the emergency department. By its technique and the relevance of its results, point-of-care testing is suitable for prehospital use.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Actins
- Globin Superfamily
- Heme
- Tropomyosin
- Acute Coronary Syndromes
- Muscle Proteins
- Myosins