Prediction of pre-eclampsia
Pankaj Desai in Pre-eclampsia, 2020
Amongst all cellular components, the most conspicuously studied are the platelets. They have been found to have a vital role in sustaining the process of pre-eclampsia in the body of a pregnant woman. Mean platelet volume (MPV) is studied by many research scientists in the prediction of pre-eclampsia. As early as in 1980s platelets have been examined for this purpose. The role of MPV in combination with other markers like uric acid also caught the fascination.16 It is suggested that MPV progressively increases in women affected by pre-eclampsia as compared with women without pre-eclampsia.17 These results recurred in some subsequent studies.18,19 MPV was also tested in sporadic studies in combination with other markers like uric acid, combined Doppler ultrasound, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and the like. However, it seems that this marker would never become popular for mass clinical use.
Principles of Clinical Pathology
Pritam S. Sahota, James A. Popp, Jerry F. Hardisty, Chirukandath Gopinath, Page R. Bouchard in Toxicologic Pathology, 2018
Hematology parameters routinely measured include RBC count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, mean cell or corpuscular volume (MCV), mean cell or corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean cell or corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), red cell distribution width (RDW), absolute reticulocyte count, platelet count, mean platelet volume (MPV), total white blood cell (WBC) count, and absolute differential WBC count (at minimum, includes neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils). All these tests can be performed by hematology analyzers with species-specific software currently used in industry. A blood smear should always be made. Some companies routinely examine all or a subset of smears (e.g., control and high-dose animals) microscopically to assess cell morphology characteristics, while others evaluate data generated by the hematology analyzer to determine if microscopic examination of blood smears is warranted. State-of-the-art hematology analyzers can generate a great number of additional measurements about different cell populations that may be beneficial for very specific needs and investigational interests, but their value for standard toxicity screening is limited at this time by lack of experience with interpretation in various laboratory animal species under different conditions.
Congenital Amegakaryocytic Thrombocytopenia
Dongyou Liu in Handbook of Tumor Syndromes, 2020
Diagnosis of CAMT relies on physical exam (for relevant clinical signs), laboratory tests (e.g., CBC and MPV; review of PBS; coagulation profiles; bleeding time; platelet adhesion; platelet aggregation; platelet granule content and release reactions; platelet flow cytometry; electron microscopy; analysis of receptor expression, protein phosphorylation, and formation of second messengers; for evidence of hypomegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia [platelet count below 50 × 109/L] with a normal mean platelet volume and of highly elevated serum levels of THPO), peripheral blood smear (for morphologically normal platelets) and bone marrow aspiration smear (for absent or scant megakaryocytes and leukocytes) (Figure 66.2), and molecular genetic analysis (for lack of MPL RNA in bone marrow monocellular cells, for MPL mutation from whole blood in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid [EDTA], buccal brushes or 10 mL of amniotic fluid by bidirectional sequencing of the coding regions and splice sites of exons 1–12), and cytogenic analysis of interphase nuclei from bone marrow and peripheral blood-simulated cultures by fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH)] [16].
Mean Platelet Volume and Mean Platelet Volume/Platelet Count Ratio Are Predictors of Late-Onset Sepsis in Preterm Infants: A Case-Control Study
Published in Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2023
Ipek Guney Varal, Pelin Dogan, Ezgi Acar Celik, Elif Güler Kazancı
Mean platelet volume (MPV) is the average size of platelets which is determined by contemporary hematology analyzers. Platelet volume is determined during the formation of platelets from megakaryocytes; therefore, the conditions that stimulate the bone marrow, such as infection, may cause changes in the platelet volume and number [6]. When the bone marrow is stimulated, the changes in platelet production and platelet maturation cause an increase in MPV. More megakaryocyte activation increases the number of younger platelets which are larger in size, with an increased MPV. A higher MPV value is indicative of compensated, bone marrow platelet production following platelet destruction as in septicemia. The MPV can also reflect endothelial damages as well as platelet activation in severe sepsis. MPR value is calculated by dividing the mean platelet volume by the platelet count [7]. During the LOS event, MPR is affected due to increase of MPV and platelet count change, which may benefit us in the use of MPV and MPR as an early and simple diagnostic marker [8]. We hypothesized that the MPV and accordingly MPR levels increase during a LOS event and sought to assess the role of MPV and MPR in predicting the group of responsible pathogens in preterm infants.
Association of human platelet antigen polymorphisms with platelet count and mean platelet volume
Published in Hematology, 2018
Shihang Zhou, Xiaohua Liang, Ni Wang, Linnan Shao, Weijian Yu, Ming Liu
Platelet concentration is essential for the maintenance of its hemostatic function. Low platelet concentration, a condition known as thrombocytopenia, which is involved in numerous potential causes including decreased bone marrow platelet production, increased peripheral platelet destruction, increased splenic sequestration, and dilution [10]. Elevated platelet concentration, also called thrombocytosis, is involved in myeloproliferative diseases or reactive thrombocytosis [11]. Clinically, the platelet count has been used as a parameter that reflects the platelet concentration in vivo. Mean platelet volume (MPV) is a machine-calculated measurement of the average size of platelets. It is associated with cerebral infarction and cardiovascular diseases, and therefore, considered as an important marker for assessing the risk and prognosis of these diseases [12–15]. At present, platelet count and MPV are part of routine laboratory tests and have been widely used in the diagnosis of various diseases.
Effect of isotretinoin treatment on the inflammatory markers in patients with acne vulgaris: can monocyte/HDL be a new indicator for inflammatory activity of isotretinoin treatment?
Published in Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology, 2020
Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit, especially seen in adolescence1. Oral isotretinoin (ISO) is a systemic agent used in moderate/severe acne which is effective at all stages of acne pathogenesis including inflammation2. These changes clinically can be listed as lip dryness, nausea, muscle-joint pain, nervous system findings, and depression while the changes in the laboratory can be listed as increased levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine kinase, impaired liver function, and changes in complete blood count (CBC) parameters3–5. Mean platelet volume (MPV) is a parameter that determines platelet function and has been identified as an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease and has long been used as an inflammatory marker6. Plateletcrit (PTC) is a test that shows the percentage of platelet volume in the blood, and there have been recent reports that it may be a more effective marker than MPV7,8. Neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet–lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and monocyte–HDL cholesterol ratio (MHR) are new inflammatory markers6,9,10. These inflammatory markers can be screened in CBC and biochemical parameters routinely screened in patients receiving ISO. To date, these markers have been studied in patients with inflammatory diseases, hypertension, malignancy, and diabetes mellitus.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Hypoplasia
- Myeloproliferative Neoplasm
- Platelet
- Bone Marrow
- Blood Test
- Complete Blood Count
- Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura
- Bernard–Soulier Syndrome
- Pre-Eclampsia
- Thrombocytopenia