Benign Disorders of Leukocytes
Harold R. Schumacher, William A. Rock, Sanford A. Stass in Handbook of Hematologic Pathology, 2019
Based on clinical findings, the laboratory evaluation of lymphocytopenia, particularly persistent lymphocytopenia, may include any of the following studies: Blood smear examinationCell marker studies, particularly flow cytometry, as needed, to determine the cell lineage (T or B) and maturation stage(s) (subsets of T and B cells) of the lymphoid cell populationBone marrow examinationQuantitative immunoglobulin determinationTest(s) for suspected or identified underlying condition(s)
Proteins in plasma and urine
Martin Andrew Crook in Clinical Biochemistry & Metabolic Medicine, 2013
T cells may be decreased in number or may function abnormally. The total lymphocyte count may be normal despite severe T lymphocytopenia, such as occurs in acquired deficiencies, or malignancy, as in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. T-cell function may be assessed by determining cell-surface markers and therefore changes in the different T-cell subsets. Changes in the ratio of helper to suppressor cells occur in many conditions, but are profound in AIDS, in which the virus specifically affects the CD4 cell population and numbers can go below 200 cells/mm3.
Radiation Hormesis in Immunity
T. D. Luckey in Radiation Hormesis, 2020
Administration of a mitogen gave increased production of peripheral lymphocytes in lightly irradiated animals and humans when compared with controls. 411,492,495–498 Responding humans include peasants in the high background area of China and workers in the uranium industry. Large doses, of course, are harmful and produce lymphocytopenia. This may explain the decreased numbers of circulating T cells found in some Russian radiologists.312
Pathogenesis guided therapeutic management of COVID-19: an immunological perspective
Published in International Reviews of Immunology, 2021
Ashutosh Kumar, Pranav Prasoon, Prakash S. Sekhawat, Vikas Pareek, Muneeb A. Faiq, Chiman Kumari, Ravi K. Narayan, Maheswari Kulandhasamy, Kamla Kant
Use of NSAIDs and systemic steroids in managing inflammation in COVID-19 has been controversial [90]. Though, there is a theoretical risk of worsening of the lymphocytopenia and delaying of the adaptive immunity; clinical trial results are suggesting in contrary [90]. As the intense inflammation can be a prime causative rationale for lymphocytopenia, anti-inflammatory effect of the NSAIDs and steroid may be outweighing lymphocytopenic risk and paradoxically may improve lymphocyte count [90]. Though, existing co-morbidities and side-effects associated with these drugs may be a limiting factor for prolonged use. Running clinical trials with NSAIDs and steroids in COVID-19 patients may make the issue clear. The preliminary results of a clinical trial—‘Randomized Evaluation of COVID-19 therapy (RECOVERY)’— in UK using low dose of dexamethasone in 2100 participants (6 mg once daily for 10 days) showed 1/3rd and 1/5th reduction in 28 days mortality in the patients on ventilator and oxygen support respectively, however it had no effect in those who were not receiving any respiratory support [91]. Del Valle et al. in a separate study found steroids, especially, dexamethasone led rapid and gradual reduction of serum levels of IL-6 [46].
Absorbing filter AN69 surface treatment in critically ill COVID-19 patients: a single-center experience
Published in Renal Failure, 2021
Gang Chen, Jie Ma, Peng Xia, Yan Hu, Zhengyin Liu, Xiang Zhou, Taisheng Li, Xiaowei Yan, Limeng Chen, Xuemei Li, Yan Qin, Shuyang Zhang
All patients demonstrated significant lymphocytopenia, with an average lymphocyte count of 0.57 ± 0.31 × 109/L. We noticed the increased inflammatory factors in these critical patients, including hypersensitive C reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin (IL)-2 receptor, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and Ferrin. Patients who survived were inclined to show lower inflammatory factors but without significance compared with the non-survived group. Biomarkers referred to cardiac injury, including troponin I and creatinine kinase MB, concerningly increased in both groups. On ICU admission, patients who survived indicated a relatively more preserved kidney function in urea, serum creatinine, and cystatin C. However, statistics yielded no significant difference (Table 2).
Association of D-dimer and acute kidney injury associated with rhabdomyolysis in patients with exertional heatstroke: an over 10-year intensive care survey
Published in Renal Failure, 2021
Conglin Wang, Baojun Yu, Ronglin Chen, Lei Su, Ming Wu, Zhifeng Liu
RM [10]: This study adopted the current consensus opinion that CK > 1000 U/L was considered elevated CK, while an increase in CK due to cardiogenic shock (CK-MB/CK < 5%) was excluded. Clinical manifestations included general fatigue, muscle soreness, and soy sauce-like urine.AKI [11]: KDIGO standard: Scr increase to ≥26.5 μmol/L (≥0.3 mg/dl) within 48 h, Scr increase to ≥1.5 times the baseline within 7 days, or urine output <0.5 ml/(kg·h) for 6 h.Lymphocytopenia [12]: absolute lymphocytes <0.8 × 109/L.DIC [13]: International Society for Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) standard: An ISTH score ≥5 points.Acute hepatic injury (AHI) [14]: Plasma TBIL ≥34.2 μmol/L and INR ≥1.5, or with any grade of hepatic encephalopathy.
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