Benign Disorders of Leukocytes
Harold R. Schumacher, William A. Rock, Sanford A. Stass in Handbook of Hematologic Pathology, 2019
Leukopenia refers to a decrease in the white blood cell count below the lower limit of normal, usually below 4.0 × 10/L for white adults and below 3.0 × 10/L for black adults. Although a decrease in the number of any one or more of the white cell types may contribute to leukopenia, it is most often due to decreased number of circulating neutrophils and/or lymphocytes.
Ketoconazole
M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson in Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia have all been reported rarely. Transient mild leukopenia has been noted in a small number of patients (Catanzaro et al., 1982). Ketoconazole can cause suppression of human granulocyte–macrophage progenitor cells in vitro (Meeker et al., 1983; Benko et al., 1999). An immune-mediated hemolytic anemia was reported in a previously healthy 42-year-old man after a 3-week course of ketoconazole 200 mg daily (Umstead et al., 1987).
Unexplained Fever In Hematologic Disorders Section 1. Benign Hematologic Disorders
Benedict Isaac, Serge Kernbaum, Michael Burke in Unexplained Fever, 2019
Paradoxically, some infections may be accompanied by mild leukopenia. This can be seen in the early stages of viral infections, bacillary dysentery, enteric fever, and brucellosis. Sometimes, severe sepsis can produce neutropenia by increasing the peripheral destruction of granulocytes and by causing maturation arrest and direct damage to the precursors of the granulocytes in the bone marrow. This kind of myelotoxicity can be seen in staphylococcal, pneumococcal, and Klebsiella infections. Infectious hepatitis and infectious mononucleosis may cause aplastic anemia.
Purpura and leukopenia in a cocaine user
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2016
Zachary Dezman, Barbara Rimi, Joshua McClain
A previously healthy 42-year-old woman presented to the emergency department (ED) for arthralgias and painful lesions on her ears, feet, and knee (Figures 1 and 2) that had developed over the last month. She had no significant past medical history and was not taking any prescribed medications. The rash was purpuric with violaceous borders and hemorrhagic bullae. While she had mild pain with movement, her joint examination was otherwise normal and without signs of infection. ED laboratory testing revealed leukopenia (2500/mm3) and cocaine metabolites in her urine.
Leukopenia in Familial Mediterranean Fever: Case Series and Literature Review with Special Emphasis on Pathogenesis
Published in Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2014
Leukopenia is a blood disease in which the number of circulating white blood cells diminishes. All underlying causes of leukopenia are not yet known. The subjects of this study are 15 leukopenic patients who were assessed by a systemic workup, including physical examination, blood tests, and molecular analysis. A common and unusual cause was revealed in all patients. This cause was a disorder with a laboratory characteristic of leukocytosis, namely familial Mediterranean fever (FMF). It was discussed that leukopenia arising in the context of FMF is mainly due to autophagy and apoptosis processes. These two pathophysiological characteristics of FMF were thought to explain the particular (episodic and self-limited) leukopenia in this disorder. Based on the results of this study in conjunction with the currently existing literature data, we suggest that FMF causes leukopenia. Leukopenic cases should be investigated for FMF, particularly if the leukopenia is episodic in nature. Early recognition of FMF would help to skip unnecessary invasive procedures and to prevent the development of amyloidosis, the devastating complication of FMF.
The potential agents from food for preventing leukopenia induced by benzene: garlic preparations
Published in Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 2019
Wenting Han, Ruogu Liu, Xiaoshuai Zhang, Peng Lv, Ming Li, Xujing Wang
Leukopenia is the early clinical manifestation of benzene poisoning. The aim of our research was to evaluate the preventive effects of three kinds of garlic preparations on benzene induced leukopenia. The mouse model of Leukopenia was established with benzene orally. At the same time, mice were administrated with garlic homogenate (GH), garlic oil (GO) or diallyl trisulfide (DATS) as preventional measures. The counts of white blood cells (WBC), the organ indexes, pathological examinations, blood biochemical parameters, weight gains, and food intakes were evaluated to observe the protective effect and potential adverse events. The results demonstrated that the counts of WBC increased by 144.04%, 140.07%, and 148.34%, respectively, after intervention by GH (400 mg/kg), GO (60 mg/kg) and DATS (30 mg/kg), compared with that in the model group. The spleen and thymus indexes in the benzene model group were 44.99% and 54.04% lower than those in the blank control group, the number of spleen nodules reduced and the thymus atrophy, which were restored by three garlic preparations at different degree. The results suggested that the three preparations all could prevent the leukopenia and protect the organ injuries induced by benzene. However, the spleen index and weight gains revealed that GH and GO brought more adverse events than DATS.
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