Embryonic and Fetal Erythropoiesis
Stephen A. Feig, Melvin H. Freedman in Clinical Disorders and Experimental Models of Erythropoietic Failure, 2019
The hematopoietic system in humans and other mammals is characterized by developmental changes in the anatomical site of blood cell formation. Blood cell formation occurs sequentially in the yolk sac, fetal liver and spleen, and bone marrow. The differentiated cells produced in each hematopoietic organ differ in terms of their physical size, composition and pattern of gene expression (see Section III. D). It is unclear whether the differences in differentiated blood cell production are the result of unique stromal-stem cells interactions or if the pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells undergo independent programmatic changes during development. These issues as well as questions regarding hematopoietic stem cell migration are topics of ongoing investigation.
Integrative hyperthermia treatments for different types of cancer
Clifford L. K. Pang, Kaiman Lee in Hyperthermia in Oncology, 2015
Blood disease is a primary disease of the hematopoietic system, or a disease that affects the hematopoietic system, accompanied by blood abnormalities and characterized by anemia, bleeding, and fever. The hematopoietic system includes blood, bone marrow mononuclear phagocyte system, and lymphoid tissue. All that involves hematopoietic system pathology and physiology and its main manifestations of the disease belongs to the scope of hematologic diseases. Blood disease is clinically divided into three types: RBC disease, WBC disease, and bleeding and thrombotic disease. Common clinical diseases are leukemia, aplastic anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, thrombocytopenia, multiple myeloma, lymphoma, bone fibrosis, hemophilia, thalassemia, and so on. Hematologic diseases mostly are refractory diseases. The incidence is insidious and symptoms are occult. Even if the patient is ill, he or she is often not aware of it. It is found mostly when the patient seeks medical treatment for other diseases or through health examination. Many hematologic diseases were considered incurable in the past due to the lack of effective therapy.
Genetic Manipulation of Human Marrow: Gene Transfer Using Retroviruses
Adrian P. Gee in BONE MARROW PROCESSING and PURGING, 2020
There are a number of advantages in using the hematopoietic system for such studies. Its well-characterized, multilineage hierarchy, consisting of cells with a wide range of proliferative capacities, as well as some cells with self-renewal potential, provides a unique experimental model to study differentiation and development. The cells are easily available, transplantation protocols have been well worked out, and in vitro assays are available for progenitor cells. Many genes for putative control elements such as growth factors, growth factor receptors, and oncogenes have been cloned and are available. Finally, a wide range of disorders can be considered as candidates for therapy by gene transfer strategies targeted to transplantable bone marrow cells. Sickle cell anemia and thalassemias are two obvious examples, as are a number of other inherited disorders manifested principally in hemopoietic tissue. Of interest, and perhaps in the long-term of even greater impact, is the possibility of using genes to treat hematologic malignancies or persisting viral infections such as HIV.
Serum CCL28 as a biomarker for diagnosis and evaluation of Sjögren’s syndrome
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology, 2023
X Yu, F Zhu, X Yu, J Wang, B Wu, C Li
After detection of the expression of CCL28 in the serum of SS patients, the correlations between serum IgA content, the focus score of LSGs, and serum CCL28 level were explored. SS patients were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of dry mouth, dry eyes, dental caries, arthritis, serum ANA titre ≥ 1:320 or < 1:320, presence or absence of RF, SSB antibodies, and inflammatory macrophage (M2) antibodies, and haematopoietic system involvement or non-involvement. The criteria for haematopoietic system involvement are the presence of leucopenia or anaemia or thrombocytopenia. Leucopenia refers to < 3.5 × 109/L leucocytes in peripheral blood. Anaemia refers to an adult male haemoglobin level of < 120 g/L and adult female haemoglobin of < 110 g/L. Thrombocytopenia refers to a platelet count < 100 × 109/L in peripheral blood. The levels of serum CCL28 in the two groups were compared.
An update on gene therapy for lysosomal storage disorders
Published in Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2019
Murtaza S. Nagree, Simone Scalia, William M. McKillop, Jeffrey A. Medin
Gene therapy has recently come out of a nadir. The early setbacks observed in the field resulted in the implementation of higher regulatory standards with a clear focus on patient safety and a favorable risk-to-reward ratio. The caution shown in bringing LV into the clinic with the initial focus placed on genotoxicity/oncogenicity studies highlights this shift in approach. Moving away from direct vector injection to more specific sites of injection such as into muscle tissue, or intracranially, localizes vector distribution to target tissues. Ex vivo gene therapy allows investigators control over the cells transduced. This may limit the number of gene therapy-related adverse events to those occurring from the delivered lineage of cells. For example, HSC-directed gene therapy limits side-effects to the hematopoietic system, where in vitro and in vivo assays for studying such effects along with possible treatment modalities are well established in the field.
Gene expression profiles and cytokine environments determine the in vitro proliferation and expansion capacities of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells
Published in Hematology, 2022
Roberto Dircio-Maldonado, Rosario Castro-Oropeza, Patricia Flores-Guzman, Alberto Cedro-Tanda, Fredy Omar Beltran-Anaya, Alfredo Hidalgo-Miranda, Hector Mayani
Blood cell production (hematopoiesis) is a complex and tightly regulated process that involves different cell types and a variety of molecular regulators [1,2]. The hematopoietic system can be viewed as a hierarchy of different cellular compartments, from self-renewing multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to mature non-dividing circulating blood cells of different lineages. Intermediate compartments include multipotent, oligopotent, bipotent, and monopotent progenitors (HPCs), as well as morphologically recognizable precursor cells [3]. The HSC compartment corresponds to <0.05% of bone marrow cells and consists of different subpopulations of self-renewing cells expressing cell surface markers CD34, CD49f, CD90, CD117 and CD133 [4,5]. HPCs, on the other hand, correspond to 0.1–0.5% of bone marrow cells; they are unable to self-renew but possess high/intermediate proliferation potentials and are capable of forming colonies in semisolid cultures. They express variable levels of CD34, CD38, and CD45RA, and acquire lineage-specific antigens depending on their commitment to particular cell lineages [3].
Related Knowledge Centers
- Blood Islands
- Lymph Node
- Myeloid Tissue
- Spleen
- Lymphatic System
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell
- Bone Marrow
- Liver
- Blood
- Homogeneity & Heterogeneity