Therapeutic Properties of Fermented Foods and Beverages
Megh R. Goyal, Preeti Birwal, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan in Herbs, Spices, and Medicinal Plants for Human Gastrointestinal Disorders, 2023
Thrombosis is the condition of blood clot formation within a blood vessel that prevents normal flow of blood through the circulatory system. Blood clot in humans is carried out by more than 20 different enzymes, whereas plasmin is the only enzyme that interrupts the formation of blood clot.88 Food products with high LDL content are known to cause clots and form plaques by deposition in blood vessels that blocks the blood supply and might lead to chest pain and heart attack; hence, consumption of fermented products reduces the accumulation of LDL in the blood vessels. Simi-larly, accumulation of fibrin in blood vessels reduces the flow of blood thereby increasing the viscosity of blood, which builds up the pressure in the vessels leading to myocardial infarction and other cardiovascular diseases.88 Therefore to prevent thrombosis, consumption of fermented food as a source of fibrinolytic enzymes145 or fibrinolytic enzymes isolated from starter culture used in fermented food is advised.88, 145
A patient with calf pain
Tim French, Terry Wardle in The Problem-Based Learning Workbook, 2022
Identify risk factors for thrombosis: mode of transport and duration of journey: to assess the likelihood of any significant immobilitypossibility of pregnancy: she takes the OCP, but has she been taking it? When was her last menstrual period?previous or family history of DVT/PE that might suggest a thrombophilic statepossibility of malignancy: weight loss, muscle wasting, muscle weakness, systemic symptoms such as fever, night sweats, bruising, bleedingany symptoms of infection: respiratory, genitourinary or GI symptoms.
Aortic and Arterial Mechanics
Michel R. Labrosse in Cardiovascular Mechanics, 2018
An aneurysm is defined as a localized and permanent dilatation of more than 50% of the initial diameter of an artery, with loss of parallelism of the edges. The aorta is a common site for the development of aneurysms, including the ascending, descending, and abdominal regions. Ninety percent of the AAAs are located between the renal arteries and the iliac bifurcation. The dilatation of the aorta gradually weakens the wall, which can then rupture and cause massive internal bleeding in more than 65% of cases. Other complications include arterial thrombosis and embolism. Abdominal aortic aneurysm is the third leading cause of cardiovascular mortality in developed countries and ranks as the thirteenth most common cause of death in the United States [42]. Owing to an aging population, increased prevalence of hypertension, increased smoking, screening programs, and improved diagnostic tools, the incidence of AAA has continued to grow during the last decades. Abdominal aortic aneurysm more frequently affects men older than 60 years. The prevalence after the age of 60 years is 4%–8% in men and 1%–3% in women [41–44].
An update on novel therapies for treating patients with arterial thrombosis
Published in Expert Review of Hematology, 2023
Udaya S Tantry, Sanchit Duhan, Eliano Navarese, Bogumil Ramotowski, Parshotam Kundan, Kevin P Bliden, Paul Gurbel
Arterial thrombosis is the formation of a platelet-rich blood clot that may partially or completely impede blood flow and subsequently lead to clinically relevant ischemic complications and death. In patients with advanced atherosclerotic arterial disease, thrombosis occurs at the site of vascular injury due to plaque rupture or erosion. Other factors, including a dysfunctional (prothrombotic) endothelium, inflammation, systemic hypercoagulability and altered arterial shear play important roles (Figure 1) [1,2]. For more than 30 years, the strategies to prevent recurrent arterial thrombotic events have focused on inhibiting platelet activation and aggregation. The pharmacologic management of patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been undergoing a significant paradigm shift in recent years [3,4]. In addition to targeting well established cyclooxygenase-1 enzyme with acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) and P2Y12 receptor inhibitors, new formulations of ASA and P2Y12 receptor inhibitors and novel agents targeting collagen and thrombin pathways are being explored in clinical trials. They may provide more choices to treat patients with arterial thrombosis. The current review aimed to provide updated information on these novel agents.
Plasma oxidized high-density lipoprotein and glycated apolipoprotein A-I concentrations in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients with stress hyperglycaemia or high thrombus burden
Published in Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences, 2018
Bing-Qiang Li, Yu-Cheng Zhong, Xiang Wang
The formation of arterial thrombosis is a result of the interplay of several factors, including vascular endothelial injury, platelet activation and aggregation, haemodynamic dysfunction, and qualitative and quantitative changes in coagulation or anticoagulation factors. It has been reported that HDL-C correlated with the angiographic presence of thrombus (27). HDL has the function of anti-inflammation, antioxidation, vascular endothelial protection, and antiplatelet action and coagulation. However, these functions are reduced when HDL is oxidized, indicating that ox-HDL may be correlated with the formation of arterial thrombosis. Our data showed that ox-HDL and ox-HDL/HDL-C were significantly higher in the HTB group than in the LTB group on admission and at d7. This indicates that ox-HDL and ox-HDL/HDL may be useful to measure and quantify thrombus burden.
Diurnal variations in tissue factor and tissue factor pathway inhibitor concentrations in relation to on-treatment platelet reactivity: an analysis of patients with acute myocardial infarction
Published in Platelets, 2020
Joanna Boinska, Marek Koziński, Michał Kasprzak, Katarzyna Ziołkowska, Inga Dziembowska, Michał Ziołkowski, Jacek Kubica, Danuta Rość
Morning excess of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), stroke and sudden cardiac death is the well-known phenomenon [1,2]. Importantly, arterial thrombosis plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of these catastrophic cardiovascular events. However, detailed pathomechanisms leading to their excessive occurrence in the morning are under investigation. Interestingly, numerous biological rhythms involving the hemostasis system have been reported so far. They include circadian variations in the fibrinolytic activity, platelet adhesion and aggregation, concentrations of tissue plasminogen activator, plasminogen activator inhibitor, and von Willebrand factor, expression of P-selectin, release of serotonin and adenosine diphosphate from platelets [1,3]. Notably, our group reported for the first time periodicity in platelet inhibition by clopidogrel in AMI patients [4].