Haematological Disease
John S. Axford, Chris A. O'Callaghan in Medicine for Finals and Beyond, 2023
Symptoms of anaemia: Reduced exercise toleranceSleepinessBreathlessness on minimal effort or at restHeadachePalpitationsChest painPallor
Clinical features of malaria in pregnancy
David A Warrell, Herbert M Gilles in Essential Malariology, 2017
Malaria is often the main cause of severe anaemia in primigravidae (Gilles et al., 1969; Shulman et al., 1996). In areas of seasonal malaria transmission, the prevalence of severe anaemia in pregnancy has been shown to be highest in the rainy season (Bouvier et al., 1997). A trial in Kenya has shown that 39 per cent of severe anaemia in primigravidae could be prevented by antimalarials (Shulman et al., 1999). Other risk factors for anaemia are inadequate iron and folate intake; infection with hookworm and other intestinal parasites; vitamin B12 deficiency; advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and haemoglobinopathies (Fleming, 1989). In women already anaemic from other causes, malaria infection can quickly result in progressive severe anaemia.
Pregnancy, Delivery and Postpartum
Miriam Orcutt, Clare Shortall, Sarah Walpole, Aula Abbara, Sylvia Garry, Rita Issa, Alimuddin Zumla, Ibrahim Abubakar in Handbook of Refugee Health, 2021
Causes of anaemia in pregnancy include iron, vitamin B12 and folate deficiency. The WHO estimates that anaemia affects 38.2% of pregnant women worldwide, with the following prevalences:Southeast Asia 48.7%Africa 46.3%Eastern Mediterranean region 38.9%Western Pacific 24.3%Americas 24.9%Europe 25.8%.
Maternal anaemia after delivery: prevalence and risk factors
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2018
Carola Medina Garrido, Jaime León, Adriana Romaní Vidal
Variations in clinical practice seem to be especially prominent during the postnatal period (Barroso et al. 2011; Parker et al. 2012), which suggests that some practitioners may have questions regarding appropriate postpartum management. Most organisations, including the Spanish Society of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (SEGO 2008), recommend selectively screening patients who have experienced substantial blood loss or anaemia during pregnancy. However, the question of who has experienced substantial losses remains unanswered. In our study, we investigated the prevalence of anaemia during the postpartum period and the factors that predispose patients to anaemia. The determination of whether there are groups of women who are especially prone to anaemia can help direct anaemia prevention, screening and treatment efforts in this group of patients. Hospitalisation following childbirth serves as an opportunity for the identification and treatment of this condition using the various available options currently.
Therapeutic effects of Sheng Xue Fang in a cyclophosphamide-induced anaemia mouse model
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2021
Lu Dou, Xue Gong, Qing Wu, Fangzheng Mou
Anaemia is classified as a ‘defined number of red blood cells (RBCs), often accompanied by diminished hemoglobin concentrations and altered RBC morphology’ (Schumann and Solomons 2017). As one of the most common clinical symptoms, it can reduce the quality of life in patients due to fatigue, chest tightness or pain, shortness of breath, and increased heart rate (Liu et al. 2013; Jin et al. 2019; Zhu et al. 2019). Cyclophosphamide (CTX), a commonly used cancer chemotherapy drug, depletes the bone marrow of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), resulting in peripheral circulating hemocytopenia (Xu et al. 2014) and other regenerative anaemia symptoms. However, there is no specific medication to improve the blood status in patients with anaemia caused by chemotherapy drugs, and it is necessary to identify a drug that can restore many of these HSCs (Zhu et al. 2019).
Anaemia and enhancement of coagulation are associated with severe COVID-19 infection
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, 2021
Tuukka A. Helin, Marja Lemponen, Tapio Lahtiharju, Miika Koskinen, Riitta Lassila, Lotta Joutsi-Korhonen
In this retrospective study with randomly selected samples from hospitalized COVID-19 patients, a wide array of coagulation and other laboratory tests were assessed. One of our main findings was a high prevalence of anaemia (61%). In the general population over the age of 44 years, the prevalence of anaemia is estimated to be 3% [13]. In all COVID-19 patients at Helsinki University Hospital, haemoglobin tended to decrease with longer hospital stays. This is also correlated with the lower haemoglobin in ICU patients, in whom the samples were taken after longer hospital stays than patients in non-ICU wards. Anaemia also aligned with coagulation abnormalities: low haemoglobin was associated with high FVIII activity. This emphasizes the important interplay of red blood cells and haemostasis in various inflammatory processes [14]. Anaemia is common among severely ill patients due to inflammation [15]. However, anaemia alone increases total mortality, coronary disease and cancer mortality [16]. Haemoglobin and lymphocyte levels have been previously described in a clinical study including all COVID-19 patients from mainland China between December 2019 and January 2020 [17]. In our study, 41% of patients had lymphocytopenia, whereas its prevalence exceeded 80% in non-severe Chinese patients and 96% in severe patients. While in the Chinese study median haemoglobin differed by only 7 g/L between severe and nonsevere cases, our ICU patients had 17 g/L lower haemoglobin [17]. Indeed, anaemia was more common than lymphocytopenia among our patients. The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and CRP level predicted more severe disease in a cohort from Wuhan, while in our study it did not predict ICU treatment [18].
Related Knowledge Centers
- Exercise Intolerance
- Fatigue
- Oxygen
- Shortness of Breath
- Headache
- Blood
- Hematologic Disease
- Red Blood Cell
- Hemoglobin
- Weakness
- Shortness of Breath