Osteoporosis
Jane Higgs, Gill Wakley, Ruth Chambers, Clare Gerada in Demonstrating your Clinical Competence in Depression, Dementia, Alcoholism, Palliative Care and Osteoporosis, 2018
Osteoporosis is a disorder characterised by compromised bone strength. This bone disease is very common and many nurses, particularly those working with older people, are likely to encounter patients with it. The main consequence of osteoporosis is the increased tendency to fracture with minor trauma and the subsequent loss of function and quality of life. Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the most widely used method of measuring bone mineral density. Using DXA confirms the diagnosis of osteoporosis, contributes to the assessment of risk of future fractures, and allows the most appropriate targeting of treatments. If osteoporosis or osteopenia is found, one should screen for underlying causes with other investigations: serum calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, and creatinine; serum protein electrophoresis; thyroid function tests; serum testosterone in men; and urinary Bence-Jones protein. The National Osteoporosis Society produces relevant material as well as a patient helpline and an email address for nursing queries.
Osteoporosis and Exercise in the Older Adult
K. Rao Poduri in Geriatric Rehabilitation, 2017
This chapter reviews the basic disease concepts and discuss the principles and application of exercise and other interventions in the management and prevention of osteoporosis. It addresses the role of exercise in preventing osteoporosis and delaying its progression is increasingly recognized as a key factor in the overall approach to osteoporosis treatment. Osteoporosis is the most common bone and skeletal disease, and a major cause of fracture with often consequent permanent disability and increased mortality. In osteoporosis, there is a reduction of skeletal mass caused by an imbalance between bone resorption and bone formation. Osteoporosis can be classified according to pathology and bone morphology, clinical subtypes, or etiology. Idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis is a rare form of osteoporosis that occurs in children between the ages of 8 and 10 years at times of rapid growth and typically prior to puberty. Poor nutrition is also a known risk factor for osteoporosis.
Osteoporosis
Gill Wakley, Ruth Chambers, Paul Dieppe in Musculoskeletal Matters in Primary Care, 2018
Osteoporosis is a reduction in bone mass and density that leads to increased risks of fracture, back pain and curvature of the spine. The main consequence of osteoporosis is the increased tendency to fracture with minor trauma and the subsequent loss of function and quality of life. Colles' fracture affects 15% of women and vertebral fractures affect up to 20%. Education about osteoporosis for patients, carers and relatives is very helpful and the National Osteoporosis produces relevant material as well as a patient helpline. The National Osteoporosis Society has produced useful guidelines for the prevention and management of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis, and might use these to evaluate own standards of care. Pain relief is mainly achieved by analgesic medication working up from paracetamol in full dosage to opiates. Remember that opiates or opiate-like drugs may increase the risk of falling.
High risk of lumbar spine osteoporosis with the RANK rs3018362 polymorphism
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2019
Leonora Casas-Avila, Esteban Cruz-Arenas, Valeria Ponce-de-León-Suárez, Guadalupe Sánchez-Bringas, Brenda Olivares-Bañuelos, Tatiana Chávez-Heres, Margarita Valdés-Flores
Osteoporosis is characterized by reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and quality, increasing the risk of fractures. A large number of genes involved in bone metabolism have been implicated in the genesis of osteoporosis; these include RANK and RANKL. Polymorphisms of these genes have been implicated in osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to determine the association of the RANK rs3018362 and RANKL rs12585014 polymorphisms with risk of osteoporosis. Four hundred Mexican women aged 40 years old or above were genotyped by real-time PCR and several demographic and risk factors were explored. The GA and AA genotypes of the rs3018362 polymorphism were associated with a high risk of osteoporosis in the dominant model (p=.0062; OR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.24–3.78). In summary, the rs3018362 polymorphism in the RANK gene seems to be associated with osteoporosis of the lumbar spine while the RANKL rs12585014 is not, although more studies are needed to confirm these results.
The association between osteoporosis and patient outcomes in Japan
Published in Journal of Medical Economics, 2016
Luis A. Yamamoto, Marco DiBonaventura, Isao Kawaguchi
Objective To quantify the burden of osteoporosis and examine the interplay between osteoporosis and various comorbidities as it relates to patient outcomes. Methods Data from the 2011 Japan National Health and Wellness Survey (NHWS; n = 30 000), an internet health survey fielded to a nationally representative sample of the Japanese population were used. Only women between the ages of 50–90 years were included in the analyses (n = 6950). Results Compared with matched controls (n = 404), patients with osteoporosis (n = 404) had lower MCS scores (48.94 vs 51.63), PCS scores (45.57 vs 49.12) (all p
Osteoporosis in pituitary diseases: lessons for the clinic
Published in Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2015
Marek Bolanowski, Aleksandra Jawiarczyk-Przybyłowska, Jowita Halupczok-Żyła
Osteoporosis is a systemic disease characterized by bone mass and density loss leading to fragility fractures. Osteoporosis due to endocrine disorders is an example of secondary osteoporosis. The harmful effects on bones are common in patients harboring pituitary tumors (acromegaly, prolactinoma, Cushing’s disease) and suffering from hypopituitarism. Increased fracture risk and high healthcare costs of fractured patients are their consequences. The coexistence of some of these disorders and hypogonadism results in severe osteoporosis. The influence of the certain diseases, their activity and therapy and accompanying hypogonadism on bone turnover, bone mineral density and fracture incidence is presented.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Bone
- Bone Density
- Bone Tissue
- Fracture
- Metabolic Processes
- Metabolic Bone Diseases
- Postmenopausal Osteoporosis