Disorders in tHemostasis System and Changes in the Rheological Properties of the Blood in Ischemic Heart Disease and Diabetes Mellitus Patients
E.I. Sokolov in Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus, 2020
This chapter examines disorders in tHemostasis system and shows the changes in the rheological properties of the blood in Ischemic heart disease and diabetes mellitus patients. Hemostasis is an evolutionally developed and genetically determined adaptation system of an organism. It includes an integrated unity of the various physiological constants of an organism that ensure the functions of the organism under conditions of stress. The regulation of the hemostasis system is a closed dynamic organization of central and peripheral mechanisms. Antithrombin III is the most powerful inhibitor of blood coagulation, it is synthesized by the endothelium and hepatocytes, is on the surface of the endothelial cells and in the blood, and is responsible for 75–90% of the spontaneous anticoagulant activity of the blood. The anticoagulating effect of heparin is aimed at inactivating thrombin, which is manifest only in the presence of antithrombin III.
The Peak and Decline of the Coronary Heart Disease Pandemic in the United States, 1970-2010
William G. Rothstein in The Coronary Heart Disease Pandemic in the Twentieth Century, 2017
Coronary heart disease was the leading cause of death in the adult population of the United States at the peak of the pandemic in the 1950s and 1960s. The 1950s and 1960s were the peak years of the coronary heart disease pandemic in the United States, when all age, sex, and race groups had their highest mortality rates. Coronary heart disease mortality rates stabilized for age groups 35-44 and 45-54 about 1950 and remained at that level to 1970, with slight differences by race. Minor discontinuities in the ischemic heart disease category that occurred among revisions eight, nine, and ten of the International Classification of Diseases had only a small effect on mortality rates. Mortality rates from the disease began to decrease for all of these population groups in the 1970s and stopped decreasing about 1990 for younger age groups but continued to decrease after 2000 for older age groups.
Ischemic Heart Disease
P. Chopra, R. Ray, A. Saxena in Illustrated Textbook of Cardiovascular Pathology, 2013
Heart disease is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. In India while rheumatic heart disease continues to cause major concern, hypertension and ischemic heart disease have attained notable proportions. It is of significance that in the developed world there has been a considerable decline in mortality of coronary heart disease. Stable angina is characterized by cardiac pain which is brought on by exertion/exercise. There is no pain at rest. Unstable angina refers to progressively increasing cardiac pain at rest which often is of prolonged duration. This type of angina has a great risk of developing myocardial infarction and therefore is also termed as "preinfarction angina". Myocardial infarcts are commonly referred according to their extent, location and duration. Coronary artery occlusion leads to ischemic necrosis of the anatomic region of the myocardium supplied by the affected artery.
The association between orthostatic increase in pulse pressure and ischemic heart disease
Published in Clinical and Experimental Hypertension, 2016
Munenori Takata, Eisuke Amiya, Masafumi Watanabe, Namie Yamada, Aya Watanabe, Shuichi Kawarasaki, Atsuko Ozeki, Tomoko Nakao, Yumiko Hosoya, Jiro Ando, Issei Komuro
The clinical meaning of changes in PP with posture remains unclear. We performed treadmill exercise testing on 144 subjects to diagnose ischemic heart disease, and measured the PPs in the supine and standing positions. The differences in the two PPs ranged between −35 and 45 mmHg. Eleven subjects were diagnosed with significant coronary ischemia. The differences in the PPs were significantly increased, and PP in the standing position was significantly elevated in these subjects. A large difference in the PPs in the standing and supine positions was associated with significant coronary ischemia, independent of significant covariables.
Diltiazem in the treatment of hypertension and ischemic heart disease
Published in Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy, 2011
Treatment of patients with hypertension and ischemic heart disease should be focused not only on the control of overall cardiovascular risk factors, particularly blood pressure, but also on eliminating anginal symptoms, or at least reducing them, as angina symptoms have a crucial prognostic value. Although the amount of blood pressure reduction, rather than the choice of antihypertensive drug, is the major determinant of reduction of cardiovascular risk, some drugs such as β-blockers should be preferably used in patients with angina. However, β-blockers are contraindicated or produce intolerable side effects in many patients. Although, in the last years, new drugs for the treatment of stable angina have emerged, diltiazem should remain as a good alternative in the treatment of these patients. In this article, available evidence regarding diltiazem in the treatment of hypertension and ischemic heart disease is updated.
The challenge of blood pressure control in patients with ischaemic heart disease in Europe
Published in Blood Pressure, 2005
Kalina Kawecka‐Jaszcz, Piotr Jankowski, Andrzej Paja˛k, Danuta Czarnecka
The goal of the paper is to summarize the current status of blood pressure management in patients with ischaemic heart disease. Recently published results from Europe and North America showed that about half of ischaemic heart disease patients have their blood pressure over 140/90 mmHg. Moreover, these data provide further evidence that poor hypertension management is common in a variety of healthcare settings. Although most ischaemic heart disease patients receive blood pressure‐lowering drugs, still a large proportion of them does not reach the recommended treatment goals. During recent years, several attempts were made to improve the control of risk factors (among them blood pressure) in patients with ischaemic heart disease; however, none of them was definitively successful.