Performance of Diverse Machine Learning Algorithms for Heart Disease Prognosis
Ayodeji Olalekan Salau, Shruti Jain, Meenakshi Sood in Computational Intelligence and Data Sciences, 2022
Heart failure is the prime cause of death. It is one of the most chronic illnesses, and it can lead to disabilities and pose financial problems to patients. As per World Health Organization records, 17.5 million individuals die every year from cardiovascular disease [1]. The prognosis of heart disease is challenging for doctors as some of the symptoms experienced can be related to other illnesses or may be indicators of aging [2]. When the arteries of the heart lose the ability to transport blood that is rich in oxygen, heart disease is likely to occur. A common cause is plaque buildup in the lining of larger coronary arteries. It may partially or entirely block the blood flow in the heart’s large arteries. This condition may occur as a result of an illness or accident that changes the way the heart arteries function [3]. Electrocardiogram (ECG), Holter screening, echocardiogram, stress examination, cardiac catheterization, cardiac computerized tomography (CT) scan, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging are some of the medical tests that doctors and experts run to detect cardiovascular disease [4].
Animal healers
Clive R. Hollin in An Introduction to Human–Animal Relationships, 2021
Heart disease has three phases: (i) the presence of risk factors; (ii) the onset of the illness that requires medical intervention; (iii) the aftermath. Animals may play a positive role at all three phases. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) can occur when fatty deposits accumulate and cause narrowing of the coronary arteries: alongside hypertension, CVD is the most common cause of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or heart attack. Some of the risk factors for heart disease can be brought under control by lifestyle changes such as diet and physical exercise. As discussed in Chapter 2 and as evident in the large-scale surveys from Europe (Maugeri et al., 2019) and the USA (Krittanawong et al., 2020) dog ownership can have benefits for physical and psychological health by reducing stress and encouraging exercise.
Diseases of the Heart
Amy J. Litterini, Christopher M. Wilson in Physical Activity and Rehabilitation in Life-threatening Illness, 2021
The leading cause of death in the United States, and worldwide, is cardiovascular disease.1,2 Several mechanisms can lead to morbidity and mortality from heart disease including heart failure, cardiomyopathy, coronary artery disease, and myocardial infarction, with coronary artery disease being the most prevalent.2 Primary risk factors for the development of heart disease include hypertension, high cholesterol, and tobacco use disorder, while additional secondary risk factors include a history of diabetes, elevated body mass index (BMI), and lifestyle choices including suboptimal diet, physical inactivity, and excessive alcohol use.2,3 Health disparities associated with socioeconomic status and cardiovascular disease worldwide have been identified, and the majority of deaths, specifically premature deaths under the age of 70, occur in low to middle-income countries (Table 8.1).4
Exploring direct and indirect predictors of heart disease information seeking
Published in Journal of Communication in Healthcare, 2023
S.R. Hovick, N. Rhodes, E. Bigsby, S. Thomas, N. Freiberger
Behaviors that may decrease heart disease risk include avoiding smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, engaging in physical activity and disease screening [5]. However, knowledge of heart disease risks and risk factors is still fairly low [6, 7]. Knowledge and awareness of cardiovascular risk factors, in particular, may be associated with preventive actions [8]. Still, only a few studies to date have examined predictors of heart disease information seeking, focusing on individual [9–13] and cognitive [14,15] factors. Understanding the factors that drive seeking decisions could help health communicators develop more effective ways to promote heart health information acquisition, as campaigns may have modest effects on information behavior. In the case of the Heart Truth Campaign, although 61% of women said they recognized the red dress as a symbol for heart disease, only 25% reported searching for more information about heart disease after hearing or seeing information about it [16].
The effects of testosterone on transgender males on carotid intima-media thickness and serum inflammatory markers compared within patients with polycystic ovary syndrome
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2022
Ayşe Özlem Balık, Fisun Vural, Okşan Alpogan, Murat Özoğul, Emin Erhan Dönmez
This study had some limitations as hyperlipidemia and serum testosterone levels were not reanalyzed at the time of surgery. Many factors such as age, ethnicity, sex, family history, smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diet, exercise, and obesity are associated with cardiovascular disease risk. It is very unlikely that increased CIMT can be attributed to testosterone use among so many risk factors. However, increased CIMT in the group with TGM is an important finding and the cause-effect relationship should be investigated in further studies. This study only investigated hematologic inflammatory markers, studies about inflammation are needed in transgenders. Another limitation of the study is that the evaluations belong to the early period of hormone replacement therapy; it would be more appropriate to evaluate TGMs after longer exposure to testosterone.
Genetic particle filter improved fuzzy-AEEMD for ECG signal de-noising
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2021
Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal records the electrical conduction activity of heart. These are very small signals in strength with narrow bandwidth of 0.05–120 Hz. Physicians especially cardiologists use these signals for diagnosis of the heart’s condition or heart diseases. ECG signal is contaminated with various artifacts such as power-line interference (PLI), Patient-electrode motion artifacts, electrode-pop or contact noise, and baseline wandering and electromyographic (EMG) noise during acquisition. Analysis of ECG signals becomes difficult to inspect the cardiac activity in the presence of such unwanted signals. So, de-noising of ECG signal is extremely important to prevent misinterpretation of patient’s cardiac activity. Various methods are available for de-noising the ECG signal such as hybrid technique (Pradeep Kumar et al. 2009), empirical mode decomposition (Chacko and Ari 2012), un-decimated wavelet transform (Naga Prudhvi Raj and Venkateswarlu 2011), Hilbert-Hung transform (Zhang et al. 2010), morphological filtering (Liu et al. 2011), noise invalidation techniques (Nikvand et al. 2010), non-local means technique (Tracey and Miller 2012), S-transform (Alarka et al. 2012), adaptive filtering (Ying and An 2011), and FIR filtering (Ying and An 2011), etc.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Angina
- Arrhythmia
- Cardiomyopathy
- Coronary Artery Disease
- Myocardial Infarction
- Heart
- Blood Vessel
- Heart Failure
- Hypertensive Heart Disease
- Valvular Heart Disease