‘I just want a normal life': the impact of obesity
Jenny Radcliffe in Cut Down to Size, 2013
Cardiovascular disease refers to diseases that affect the heart and blood vessels and includes coronary heart disease and stroke. Coronary heart disease is the cause of death for one in four men and one in six women. It is caused by the build-up of fatty deposits (atherosclerosis) in the arteries supplying oxygen to the heart muscles. This restricts the blood supply to the heart causing pain (angina) and, if the arteries become completely blocked, a heart attack (myocardial infarction).[I had surgery] to avoid having heart surgery, my cardiologist informed me that 90 per cent of my heart problems were due to my excess weight.J, sleeve gastrectomy
The Cardio-protective Activity of Edible Seaweeds and their Extracts
Leonel Pereira in Therapeutic and Nutritional Uses of Algae, 2018
Worldwide, the burden of chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, diabetes, and obesity is increasing rapidly. In 2001, chronic diseases contributed to approximately 59% of the 56.5 million total reported deaths in the world, and 46% of the global burden of disease. Cardiovascular disease is the term given for the cluster of disorders afflicting the heart and blood vessels, including hypertension (high blood pressure), coronary heart disease (heart attack), cerebrovascular disease (stroke), heart failure, and peripheral vascular disease. In 1999, CVD alone contributed to a third of global deaths, and by 2010 it would become the leading cause of death in developing countries. The majority of CVD cases are controllable and preventable. It has been reported that low intake of fruits and vegetables is also associated with a high mortality rate from CVD afflictions (Rissanen et al. 2003, Temple and Gladwin 2003). More recently, many research studies have identified a protective role for a diet rich in selected seaweeds and their derived nutraceuticals against CVD (Mayakrishnan et al. 2013, Cornish et al. 2015).
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Jack L. Leahy, Nathaniel G. Clark, William T. Cefalu in Medical Management of Diabetes Mellitus, 2000
Nephropathy by urine protein screening and quantification of albuminuria plus an assessment of creatinine clearance when indicated. Cardiovascular disease by history in terms of complaints related to chest pain, shortness of breath, especially during exercise or at night, altered exercise tolerance, or general nonspecific complaints of episodic not feeling well. An important parallel evaluation is the lipid status for HDL, LDL, and triglycerides, the smoking history, and whether the patient is taking aspirin for cardioprotection as is generally recommended. Lower extremity vascular insufficiency by physical examination and noninvasive or arteriogram studies indicated for complaints of claudication or physical findings that suggest vascular insufficiency. Neurological examination for cranial nerve palsies, mononeuropathies, carpel tunnel compression, and polyneuropathies. Also included is a careful examination of the feet for hygiene, calluses, and the shoes that are commonly worn to construct a risk profile for foot ulcers. Gastroparesis as suggested by early satiety or postmeal nausea and vomiting.
Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence, Functional Independence, and Falls among People with HIV
Published in Occupational Therapy In Health Care, 2021
Amber B. Armstead, J. Michael Wilkerson, Gretchen Gemeinhardt, Alan Nyitray, Diane M. Collins
Cardiovascular disease was operationally defined as conditions affecting the heart: blood vessel diseases, arrhythmias, congenital heart defects, atherosclerosis, angina, heart attack, and stroke (Meir-Shafrir & Pollack, 2012). Balance disturbances were assessed using the Berg Balance scale (Berg et al., 1992). Because only final scores were extracted from the medical records, we did not calculate a measure of internal reliability. In other samples, the scale had good internal reliability (α = 0.77) (Berg et al., 1992). Visual impairments were defined as severe reductions in vision and decreases in a person’s capacity to perform tasks (Lord et al., 2010). Although many more comorbid conditions are associated with falls, the authors focused on these conditions as they were measured consistently in the EMR.
Using elastography-based multilayer perceptron model to evaluate renal fibrosis in chronic kidney disease
Published in Renal Failure, 2023
Ziman Chen, Tin Cheung Ying, Jiaxin Chen, Chaoqun Wu, Liujun Li, Hui Chen, Ting Xiao, Yongquan Huang, Xuehua Chen, Jun Jiang, Yingli Wang, Wuzhu Lu, Zhongzhen Su
Demographic information (including age, sex, and body mass index), liquid biopsy indicators (including blood urea nitrogen, serum albumin, serum uric acid, serum creatinine, urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)), and comorbidity (e.g., cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and hypertension) were obtained from each participant. The eGFR was calculated using the CKD epidemiology collaboration (CKD-EPI) formula [28]. The CKD-EPI formula is more accurate than the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula for determining eGFR, as recommended by the KDIGO guideline (2012), especially for values greater than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 [22]. Furthermore, the CKD-EPI equation is preferred in general practice and public health [29]. As for the Cockcroft-Gault equation, it overestimates renal function, and the estimation of GFR is less accurate [30]. Liquid biopsy indicators were collected according to laboratory standard operating procedures within a week prior to the renal biopsy. Diabetes and hypertension were identified based on physician diagnosis with International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes or documentation of patients taking insulin, oral hypoglycemic agents, and anti-hypertensive drugs. Cardiovascular disease was defined as the presence of heart failure, coronary heart disease, stroke, or peripheral vascular disease.
Cardiac sarcoidosis – an expert review for the chest physician
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2019
Jamie S. Y. Ho, Edwin R. Chilvers, Muhunthan Thillai
Patients with sarcoidosis have been shown to be at increased risk of cardiovascular events compared to age- and sex-matched controls with an overall hazard ratio of 1.65 after adjusting for risk factors such as smoking status, diabetes and hypertension [8]. One explanation for this may be common inflammatory pathways between atherosclerosis and sarcoidosis. The true risk of acute coronary syndrome is difficult to ascertain, partly due to the active exclusion of subjects with evidence of previous cardiovascular disease in many studies but also as true CS may present similarly to acute coronary syndrome with symptoms of angina-like chest pain and shortness of breath, further complicating disease presentation [9]. Sarcoidosis has been shown to cause myocardial infarction through direct infiltration of coronary arteries [10] and is also associated with increased risk of pulmonary embolism [11].
Related Knowledge Centers
- Angina
- Arrhythmia
- Cardiomyopathy
- Coronary Artery Disease
- Myocardial Infarction
- Heart
- Blood Vessel
- Heart Failure
- Hypertensive Heart Disease
- Valvular Heart Disease