Alzheimer’s and mHealth: Regulatory, Privacy and Ethical Considerations
Christopher M. Hayre, Dave J. Muller, Marcia J. Scherer in Everyday Technologies in Healthcare, 2019
Although not all dementia patients are elderly, considering the elderly’s special vulnerabilities is a useful way to identify significant issues. App design may preclude users with limited technical skills, such as the elderly or people who lack dexterity or visual acuity (Blaschke et al. 2009). Font size is not only an issue for reading agreements, but also for reading and responding to displays; most mobile apps necessarily use small fonts. Usability problems that cause confusion may contribute to inadvertently providing or releasing information that compromises someone’s privacy. Even though most of the few usability studies have focussed on dementia apps (3 of the 22 reviewed) (Zapata et al. 2015), more research is needed to address display size, colour and organisation; pulse control or typography and other aspects of usability for the elderly, impaired or cognitively challenged.
The Non-Prescription Products – Market-Profits and Public Health in Conflict
Mickey C. Smith, E.M. (Mick) Kolassa, Walter Steven Pray in Government, Big Pharma, and the People, 2020
Of course, this entire process assumes that the purchaser will “read and heed” the label. In an ideal world, the purchaser of an OTC would read the entire label before purchase and re-read the entire label before the first and subsequent uses. The customer would heed all precautions, warning, and directions on the label. This ideal cannot be reached for several reasons. First, research has proven that consumers ignore most of the label, including the directions; they may not even know the active ingredient(s) of the product. Second, labels are created with font sizes so small that reading is difficult if not impossible. Further, a large number of people are illiterate and, therefore, unable to read or heed the label. Finally, America has numerous immigrants for whom English is not their native language, making the nonprescription label unintelligible. These problems underscore the vital role of the pharmacists in OTC sales.
Eswatini
Ebby Elahi in World Compendium of Healthcare Facilities and Nonprofit Organizations, 2021
The Kingdom of Eswatini, formerly known as Swaziland, is a mountainous, landlocked country in Southern Africa, with neighbors that include Mozambique and South Africa. It is one of the smallest countries in Africa, but despite its small size, it is home to a diverse geography and climate. Because of Eswatini’s mountainous geography, the population is unevenly distributed, with most people living in homestead settlements called imithi located in valleys and plains. About 25 percent of the population lives in urban areas, including Mbabane, the capital, home to 68,000 people. The country’s population of 1.1 million are majority ethnically Swazi, with English and siSwati as both the common and official languages. About 90 percent of the population identifies as Christian.
The clinical characteristics of otosclerosis and benefit from stapedotomy: our experience of 48 patients (58 ears)
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2019
Jing Xie, Ling-Jun Zhang, Na Zeng, Yun Liu, Shu-Sheng Gong
At our center, the indication for stapedotomy surgery is a minimum average ABG of 15 dB at four frequencies (0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz). De Seta et al. defined it as an ABG of 30 dB at 0.25–2 kHz [9]. Based on the pathologic findings, an ABG greater than 30 dB is more likely to be associated with bony fixation of the footplate, which could decrease the risk for a floating footplate during surgery [10]. In the past 20 years, some surgeons have encouraged early surgery for small ABGs within the range of 10–25dB, and achieved equivalent or better early postoperative results and low risk of deterioration [11,12]. Nevertheless, Alberti et al. reported that clinical hearing improvement was not achieved in patients with small preoperative ABGs (ABG ≤ 20 dB) over 10 years of follow up [13]. However, there is no standard definition of what constitutes a small or large ABG [12,13]. In our study, only four of the 58 ears studied had preoperative ABGs of less than 20 dB; of the 28 ears that were followed up, only two had small ABGs.
Comparative studies on the tongue of the Egyptian fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus) and the common quail (Coturnix coturnix)
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2023
Amany Attaallah, Yousra Fouda, Abd El-Fattah B. M. El-Beltagy, Amira M. B. Saleh
SEM study revealed that the tongue of R. aegyptiacus has a highly complicated papillary system if compared with the tongue of common quail. In common quail, the lingual papillae were represented only by two types of mechanical papillae: small filiform localized on either side of the median groove and large conical papillae at the junction between the lingual body and root. However, in fruit-eating bat, the lingual papillae were represented by two types of papillae, mechanical papillae (six subtypes of filiform papillae and conical papillae) and gustatory papillae (fungiform and circumvallate papillae). The recorded conical papillae on the tongue of common quail is in accordance with previous findings reported by Uppal et al. [37] on the tongue of Punjab white quails [40], on the tongue of golden eagle and Jackowiah and Godynicki [41] and on white tailed eagle tongue, but these papillae have not been appeared in the Japanese Pygmy woodpecker [48] nor the ostrich [49]. Uppal et al. [37] reported that the conical papillae play an essential role in collection of grains from the groove and pushing them posteriorly toward the esophagus as well as preventing their regurgitation. The small filliform papillae may participate in orientation of grains to the median groove and prevent them from escaping outside the beak.
Beyond Repair: Interpretation, Reparation, and Melanie Klein’s Clinical Play-Technique
Published in Studies in Gender and Sexuality, 2019
Although children were allowed to bring their own toys, as Klein notes, she also provided a curated selection of objects for the child. The array of small, simple toys included figures of cars, people, houses, animals, trees, and carts. To the extent that play operates as symbolic language in Klein’s play technique, the provision of toys is roughly equivalent to the provision of the words the child can use throughout the sessions. Klein’s choice of objects—small or large, geometric or organic, neutral or brightly colored, damaged or fully functioning—already determines the symbolic capacity of the child’s play. For instance, driven by her sense of which phantasies predominate in the child’s mind, Klein repeatedly asserts that the child should also have access to running water specifically because many oral and urethral phantasies are represented through this medium.