Colonic Atresia
Sherif Emil in Clinical Pediatric Surgery: A Case-Based Interactive Approach, 2019
The differential diagnoses of neonatal bowel obstruction distal to the duodenum include intestinal atresia, meconium ileus, meconium peritonitis, Hirschsprung's disease, and other colonic obstructions such as meconium plug or small left colon syndrome. The colon is the least likely location for intestinal atresia, accounting for approximately 10% of cases. One-third of neonates will have other congenital anomalies, including abdominal wall defects, and musculoskeletal abnormalities. When isolated, abdominal distention may not occur for 24—48 hours. A baby with a suspected distal atresia on prenatal ultrasound should therefore not be fed for at least 24 hours, until obstruction is ruled out. There are multiple options in the repair of colonic atresia, as mentioned in the index case. Earlier literature recommended a diverting end colostomy to decompress the distended colon, preserve colonic length and the ileocecal valve, and decrease the size discrepancy between the two ends.
Three-Dimensional Fluorographic Anatomy
Robert J. Parelli in Principles of Fluoroscopic Image Intensification and Television Systems, 2020
This chapter discusses fluoroscopic anatomy and patient positions for gallbladder, terminal ileum, and knee arthrography. It describes the three methods for fluoroscopic localization techniques. The fluoroscopic localization techniques are parallax method, right-angle method, and radiopaque method. Fluoroscopic spot films may be made of any segment of the small bowel as the loops become opacified. Fluoroscopic views are recorded by a spot-film camera or screen/film spot-film device of each anterior projection and 20° right and left oblique projections. After locating the foreign body, the fluoroscopist closes the diaphragm shutters down to the size of the object to direct the central ray through its center. The radiopaque method requires the use of contrast media to coat the object or localize the site of an obstruction, opaque foreign body, and/or calculus. Fluoroscopic viewing and recording of the ileocecal valve are performed by administering a barium sulfate preparation.
Bacterial Overgrowth
John F. Pohl, Christopher Jolley, Daniel Gelfond in Pediatric Gastroenterology, 2014
Small intestine bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is defined as a condition in which abnormally large numbers of bacteria are resident in the small intestine. SIBO is fairly rare, although its true prevalence and relationship to specific diseases and symptoms, such as irritable bowel syndrome, is in dispute. Conditions that predispose to bacterial overgrowth include the use of acid reducing medications, diabetes, surgery, obstruction, chronic renal failure, resection of the ileocecal valve, chronic pancreatitis, and intestinal dysmotility. Hydrogen and methane breath tests are most commonly used and are based on the premise that nonabsorbed carbohydrate is fermented by bacteria in the gut lumen, generally anaerobic bacteria in the colon. Most clinicians accept the following double peak description as a positive breath test: an early elevation in breath hydrogen/methane that signals bacteria in the small bowel and a later, second peak that marks metabolism of the carbohydrate by cecal bacteria.
Successful adalimumab treatment and usefulness of capsule endoscopy for gut inflammation concomitant with ankylosing spondylitis
Published in Modern Rheumatology, 2019
Shinji Ota, Hirotake Sakuraba, Hiroto Hiraga, Keisuke Hasui, Miwa Satake, Norihiro Hanabata, Yui Akemoto, Rina Watanabe, Nahoko Tanaka, Yoh Ishiguro, Masanori Tanaka, Shinsaku Fukuda
Here we describe a 20-year-old man with ankylosing spondylitis and gut inflammation, who was successfully treated with adalimumab. Capsule endoscopy and ileocolonoscopy showed multiple erosions and aphthoid ulcers in the ileum and the ileocecal valve. Immunohistochemical analysis of the terminal ileum demonstrated that the number of IL-23p19 expressing macrophages was increased. Adalimumab was administered, and his back pain and abdominal symptoms improved. Adalimumab might be an effective treatment for gut inflammation related to ankylosing spondylitis.
CALCIFIED CYSTIC LYMPHANGIOMA OF THE MESENTERY: Case Report
Published in Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2009
Anna Maria Buccoliero, Francesca Castiglione, Vincenza Maio, Caterina Morelli, Alessandra Martin, Antonio Messineo, Gian Luigi Taddei
Mesenteric cysts are rare and are associated with heterogeneous pathological conditions. We describe an extraordinary case of mesenteric calcified cystic lymphangioma in a 10-year-old boy. To the best of our knowledge only 6 mesenteric calcified cystic lymphangioma have been reported. The patient was admitted with abdominal pain and vomiting. Abdominal X-ray and computed tomography scan documented a calcified cyst which dislocated and compressed the ileum. Laparatomy revealed that the cyst arose in the mesentery at 100 cm from the ileocecal valve. The cystic wall was composed of fibrosclerotic calcified tissue and had an endothelial lining. In the adjacent fibrofatty stroma there were distended hemolymphatics. Postoperative recovery was uneventful. At follow-up 6 months after surgery the patient is well. Calcified cystic lymphangioma of the mesentery should be considered in the differential diagnosis of an intra-abdominal calcified cyst in children.
Neoagarotetraose-modulated gut microbiota and alleviated gut inflammation in antibiotic treatment mice
Published in Food and Agricultural Immunology, 2017
Na Zhang, Enling Hou, Jia Song, Jing Li, Qingjuan Tang, Xiangzhao Mao
ABSTRACT This study aimed to explore the effects of neoagarotetraose (NAT) on gut microbiota composition and inflammation after antibiotic treatment. Our results showed that NAT significantly increased the length of colon (P
Related Knowledge Centers
- Histology
- Ileum
- Sphincter
- Small Intestine
- Jejunum
- Large Intestine
- Human Gastrointestinal Tract