Fungi and Water
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy in Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Mushrooms are the type of fungi best used as foods and medicines since antiquity. However, until today, only about 10% of mushrooms among 140,000 estimated mushroom species have been exploited (15). They are rich in nutrients such as proteins, amino acids, vitamins (vitamin D2, B group), beta-glucans, enzymes, and minerals. Due to their special aroma and flavor, some wild mushrooms like matsutake and truffle are very costly. White button mushroom is the most consumed worldwide. Some other mushrooms such as reishi, shiitake, and maitake are used in traditional medicine. However, some wild mushrooms like death cap, deadly webcap, and destroying angel are deadly poisons. Mushrooms must be cooked before eating because heating destroys chitin cell membrane to liberate nutrients into the food.
Religion and Morals
R.J. Morris in Cholera 1832, 1976
Swirling around these great concepts of God, Christ and prayer was a selection of that host of minor symbols relished by Protestant Britain, the stories of the Old and New Testaments. The ‘destroying angel’ appeared in many dissertations on cholera, and the actions of this aide of Almighty God were illustrated with a varied collection of pestilence texts from the Old Testament. ‘The leader of the host was employed in the land of Egypt’, said the Congregational Magazine; another visited the camp in the wilderness, and destroyed ‘the crown of pride, the drunkards of Ephraim’; fornication, the delight in war and neglect of the Lord were all causes of pestilence. The Reformed Presbyterians began their warnings with the tale of Sodom and Gommorrah, then delivered a volley of pestilence texts with breathtaking speed and economy of words, . . ., Lev.xxvi.25, When you are gathered together within your cities. I will send the pestilence among you, He is declared to smite with it (Num.xiv. 12), cause it to cleave to a people (Duet.xxviii.21) and to give over their life to its power (Ps.lxxviii 50). . .58
Amatoxin
Dongyou Liu in Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
In spite of the fact that as many as 100 mushroom species produce various toxins, >90% of all fatal mushroom poisonings are caused by Amanita species such as Euro-Asian death cap (A. phalloides) and the destroying angel species complex (A. bisporigera, A. verna, A. virosa, and A. ocreata).
N-acetylcysteine as a treatment for amatoxin poisoning: a systematic review
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2020
Jiaming Liu, Yang Chen, Yanxia Gao, Joseph Harold Walline, Xin Lu, Shiyuan Yu, Lina Zhao, Zengzheng Ge, Yi Li
We conducted electronic searches of Pubmed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (SinoMed, in Chinese) from their inception to August 31, 2019. Search terms included “acetylcysteine,” “N-acetylcysteine,” “N-acetyl-L-cysteine,” “NAC,” “amatoxins,” “amanitins,” “mycotoxins,” “alpha-amanitin,” “amanita,” “basidiomycota,” “agaricales,” “mushroom poisoning,” “mycotoxicosis,” “death cap,” “destroying angel,” and “hepatotoxic mushrooms.” Additionally, we also searched the reference lists in any included studies.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Amanita
- Amanita Phalloides
- Amatoxin
- Rna Polymerase II
- Amanita Virosa
- Amanita Bisporigera
- Amanita Ocreata
- Amanita Verna
- Egg
- Mushroom Poisoning
- Rna Polymerase II