The Digestive (Gastrointestinal) System and Its Disorders
Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss in Understanding Medical Terms, 2020
The standard small bowel or lower GI series can detect mass lesions, obstructions, and fistulas. Either a lower GI series or enteroclysis (small bowel enema; literally, cleaning [-clysis] of the intestine [entero-]) is generally utilized to evaluate malabsorption, inflammatory bowel disease, or obstruction. Lesions of the colon are usually identified by contrast radiographs. Use of double-contrast or pneumocolon (air in the colon, which serves as a contrast medium) also detects polyps and early inflammatory bowel disease. The term colonoscopy, which is examination of the colon with a fiber-optic colonoscope, may be used in relation to this procedure.
Cancer
Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo in Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, 2022
Colonoscopy is the diagnostic procedure of choice in patients with a clinical history suggestive of colon cancer. This procedure permits biopsy for pathologist confirmation of malignancy. Virtual colonoscopy uses CT to generate 2D and 3D images of the colon. This test may be good for people who cannot tolerate or are unwilling to have an endoscopic colonoscopy. A colonoscopy should be done every 10 years. However, if a patient has a family history, with a first-degree relative having had colon cancer before the age of 60, a colonoscopy should be done every 5 years starting at age 40 – or every 10 years. When a fecal occult blood test is positive, a colonoscopy is required. A colonoscopy is also required after a lesion is seen in an imaging study or during sigmoidoscopy. All lesions are completely removed and examined.
Large Bowel Carcinoma: Screening, Surveillance, and Follow-Up
Philip H. Gordon, Santhat Nivatvongs, Lee E. Smith, Scott Thorn Barrows, Carla Gunn, Gregory Blew, David Ehlert, Craig Kiefer, Kim Martens in Neoplasms of the Colon, Rectum, and Anus, 2007
Colonoscopy is offered every 10 years. Although there are no studies evaluating whether screening colonoscopy alone reduces the incidence or mortality from colorectal carcinoma in people at average risk, several lines of evidence support the effectiveness of screening colonoscopy (12). There is direct evidence that screening sigmoidoscopy reduces colorectal carcinoma mortality (22,23), and colonoscopy allows more of the large bowel to be examined. Colonoscopy has been shown to reduce the incidence of colorectal carcinoma in two cohort studies of people with adenomatous polyps (26,34). Colonoscopy permits detection and removal of polyps and biopsy of carcinoma throughout the colon. However, colonoscopy involves greater cost, risk, and inconvenience to the patient than other screening tests, and not all examinations visualize the entire colon. The added value of colonoscopy over sigmoidoscopy screening, therefore, involves a tradeoff of incremental benefits and harms (12).
Improving the quality of bowel preparation by smartphone education platform prior to colonoscopy: a randomized trail
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2022
Kai Zhao, Ruonan Dong, Suhong Xia, Lina Feng, Wangdong Zhou, Mingyu Zhang, Yu Zhang, Dean Tian, Mei Liu, Jiazhi Liao
Colonoscopy is considered as an important tool of screening, diagnosis, and treatment of colorectal lesions, such as adenoma, polyp, and early cancer, which has shown great potential to reduce the burden of advanced colorectal cancer [1]. Colonoscopy requires adequate bowel preparation, which contributes to the improvement of the identification of colorectal neoplasia and the decrease of the risk of missing lesions and post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer. Failed bowel preparation, on the other hand, could result in a lower likelihood of colorectal adenoma, a longer colonoscopy procedure time, a shorter interval between examinations, and a higher risk of colonoscopy-related adverse events [2,3]. Unfortunately, up to 20–25% of colonoscopies are reported to have failed bowel preparation [4].
Risk factors associated with the detection and missed diagnosis of colorectal flat adenoma: a Chinese multicenter observational study
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2018
Li Xiang, Qiang Zhan, Xian-Fei Wang, Xin-Hua Zhao, Yong-Bai Zhou, Sheng-Li An, Ze-Long Han, Ya-Dong Wang, Yang-Zhi Xu, Ai-Min Li, Ya-Li Zhang, Si-De Liu
According to the American Cancer Society, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in developed countries of the West [1]. In China, morbidity due to CRC has been increasing every year, in parallel with improvements in living standards and changes in dietary habits. Colonoscopy is the predominant and preferred screening modality for colorectal cancer worldwide, particularly for the detection of colorectal adenomas. Colorectal adenomas are the most important precancerous lesions associated with CRC since endoscopic resection of these lesions can reduce the incidence of the disease by up to 80%. Colonoscopy screening has been reported to significantly reduce the incidence of cancers affecting the left half of the colon, but it has limited application for screening the right half of the colon [2].
Colon capsule endoscopy and its effectiveness in the diagnosis and management of colorectal neoplastic lesions
Published in Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy, 2019
Sebastian Manuel Milluzzo, Alessandra Bizzotto, Paola Cesaro, Cristiano Spada
Similarly, FIT+patients are at high risk to have significant colonic pathology. They are indicated to perform colonoscopy. About 10% of FIT+ patients involved in screening programs do not undergo colonoscopy and may benefit from capsule endoscopy. Also in this context, colon capsule was considered a valid rescue strategy for those who refused colonoscopy. Recently, a multicenter study showed that CCE might increase the compliance and recall only a minority (i.e. 5%) of these patients suggesting that this is a very difficult group that refuses any test. The figure is the opposite of that described for FDRs, but the final message is similar: conventional colonoscopy is a milestone and alternative tests hardly will gain any field. Patients who want and those who refuse colonoscopy, hardly accept alternative tests.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Biopsy
- Colorectal Cancer
- Colorectal Polyp
- Endoscopy
- Gastrointestinal Bleeding
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Precancerous Condition
- Malignancy
- Large Intestine
- Sigmoidoscopy