Gynaecology
Professor Sir Norman Williams, Professor P. Ronan O’Connell, Professor Andrew W. McCaskie in Bailey & Love's Short Practice of Surgery, 2018
The most common solid tumours in young women are cystic teratomas (known more commonly as dermoid cysts), which typically contain a variety of tissues including hair, teeth and bone. Benign ovarian tumours are often asymptomatic and may present incidentally, for example when an abdominal radiograph reveals the appearance of a tooth in the abdomen or pelvis. Conversely, they may present with pain, abdominal swelling and pressure-type symptoms. The pain may result from torsion or bleeding into the cysts. Management will depend on the age of the woman and the characteristics of the cyst. In older women, a conservative approach is reasonable only if the risk of malignancy is low (refer to Ovarian cancer below). In perimenopausal women, the cyst can be followed by serial ultrasound scanning as many will regress. If there is uncontrollable pain, haemodynamic compromise, suspicion of torsion or the cyst does not regress, then surgical management is advised. In most cases this would involve a laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy with conservation of ovarian tissue as the treatment of choice. As the vast majority of oocytes lie within 5 mm of the surface of the ovary, a carefully carried out cystectomy can leave a normally functioning ovary (Figure81.14).
Antenatal obstetric complications
Louise C Kenny, Jenny E Myers in Obstetrics, 2017
Polyhydramnios is the term given to an excess of amniotic fluid (i.e. AFI >95th centile for gestation on ultrasound estimation). It may present as severe abdominal swelling and discomfort. On examination, the abdomen will appear distended out of proportion to the woman’s gestation (increased SFH). Furthermore, the abdomen may be tense and tender and the fetal poles will be hard to palpate. The condition may be caused by maternal, placental or fetal conditions.
Abdominal swelling
Sherif Gonem, Ian Pavord in Diagnosis in Acute Medicine, 2017
Generalised swelling of the abdomen is most often caused by ascites, bowel dilatation, pregnancy or obesity. Bladder distension, massive organomegaly and large intra-abdominal cysts or tumours may also result in noticeable abdominal distension. The causes of bowel obstruction are covered in Chapters 13 and 14.
A retrospective evaluation of the presentation, prognostic factors and outcomes of neuroblastoma in Ugandan children
Published in Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2023
Irene Nanyanga, Gideon Kurigamba Kwikiriza, Barnabas Atwiine, Ruth Namazzi, Victor Musiime, Joyce Balagadde Kambugu, Jaques van Heerden
The most common presenting symptoms were fever (both on history and examination) and weight loss (both n = 56, 74.7%) and excessive night sweats (n = 29, 38.7%). Abdominal swelling and abdominal pain were present in 49 (65.3%) and 39 (52%) patients respectively. Hypertension (>95th centile for age) or elevated blood pressure (90th-95th centile for age) were diagnosed in 43 (57.3%) and 10 (13.3%) patients respectively. Twenty (26.7%) patients presented with tumor-related emergencies and/or complications, most presenting with respiratory distress (n = 11, 55%), superior vena cava obstruction (SVCO) in (n = 4, 20%) and spinal cord compression (n = 2, 10%). Horner syndrome, Opsoclonus myoclonus and intestinal obstruction were present in one (5%) patient each. The median duration of symptoms at diagnosis was 12 months (IQR 4 -24 months).
Complete response of recurrent malignant struma ovarii followed by 131I therapy
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2021
Junhua Tang, Pan Hao, Wei Zhu, Jun Hu, Hongwu Wen
A 27-year-old female who complained of acute abdominal swelling and pain was admitted on the March 5, 1985. A pelvic ultrasound revealed a 20 cm diameter, right solid, cystic ovarian mass. Four days post-admission, the patient received scheduled fertility preservation surgery involving a right adnexectomy, a left ovarian wedge resection, and a peritoneal biopsy as intraoperative frozen sections revealed benign SO. Upon exploration, the right ovary was enlarged (21 × 11 × 3 cm), an irregular solid cyst with multiple raised growths was observed, a 3 mm-diameter breach was noted, and a yellow liquid discharge occurred. The left ovary contained multiple follicles protuberant and a 5 mm-diameter pink nodule. Diffuse, pink, firm nodules of 1 mm diameter were visible at the fundus uteri and the peritoneum. Postoperative histologic sections showed right ovarian struma-derived follicular thyroid carcinoma with contralateral ovaries and peritoneal focal metastasis (Figure 1(A)). Three weeks later, total abdominal hysterectomy, left adnexectomy, omentectomy, and appendectomy were performed. The patient was finally diagnosed as MSO (FIGO Stage IIIA). A dose of 10 mCi P-32 was administered intraperitoneally during the first post-surgical week.
An outbreak of dengue fever in children in the National Capital District of Papua New Guinea in 2016
Published in Paediatrics and International Child Health, 2020
Francis Pulsan, Kone Sobi, Gwenda Anga, John Vince, Trevor Duke
Blood samples were taken for serological confirmation of dengue (NS1, IgM and IgG), malaria parasites and full blood count (haematocrit, platelet count, haemoglobin, white cell count, differential white cell count). Abdominal ultrasound scans were performed in children with abdominal swelling, and chest radiography in children with respiratory distress. Prompt presumptive and confirmed diagnosis was crucial in supporting children hospitalised with dengue fever.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Cirrhosis
- Shortness of Breath
- Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis
- Abdomen
- Peritoneal Cavity
- Tuberculosis
- Cancer
- Pancreatitis
- Shortness of Breath
- Heart Failure
- Budd–Chiari Syndrome