Oral cavity
Paul Ong, Rachel Skittrall in Gastrointestinal Nursing, 2017
Once inside the duct, the saliva is subject to modification by reabsorption and secretion. The duct of the salivary glands is divided into three anatomical areas: the intercalated duct, the striated duct and the excretory duct. The intercalated duct secretes bicarbonate into the lumen of the duct and absorbs chloride ions (Cl−).The striated duct absorbs sodium ions and secretes potassium ions (K+) into the saliva.The excretory duct makes no modifications.
Miscellaneous
Joseph Kovi, Hung Dinh Duong in Frozen Section In Surgical Pathology: An Atlas, 2019
The growth is surrounded by an incomplete capsule, and if enucleated small nests of neoplastic cells may be left behind, resulting in recurrence of the tumor. As Thackray and Lucas292 have emphasized, tumors that are completely removed do not recur and the patient is cured. With en bloc excision of the tumor, recurrence is exceptional.291 Microscopically, a wide variety of morphologic patterns can be found in the tumor. Well differentiated ductlike structures which faithfully copy the ducts found in the normal salivary gland are present. The duct-like structures are lined by two types of epithelial cells: the inner layer is composed of low columnar or cuboid cells, the outer layer is made up of myoepithelial elements. Some ducts are cystically dilated and may contain pale colloid- or mucin-like substance. The small, dark myoepithelial cells are arranged in cords, nests, and sheets and seem to infiltrate the surrounding stroma. This stroma is rich in myxochondroid (mucoid) substances and stains deeply with hematoxylin. Occasionally, the myoepithelial cells produce islands of cartilage. Mitotic activity is virtually never encountered in the tumor (Figures 131 and 132).
Internal Fistulas in the Rat
Waldemar L. Olszewski in CRC Handbook of Microsurgery, 2019
After removal of the right kidney, the proximal part of the ureter is carefully dissected under the microscope. Care is taken to leave both lateral blood vessels of the ureter intact. A small cut is made into the ureter and a small open silicon splint (Silastic®, Dow Corning, i.d. 0.30 mm, o.d. 0.64 mm) is placed into the aperture and fixed with 8/0 nylon. The bile duct is ligated close to the place where the pancreatic ducts meet the common duct and is cut proximally to this ligature. Both ureter and proximal bile duct are approximated using an approximating microsurgical vessel clamp. The proximal side of the splint is inserted into the bile duct and fixed by means of two stay sutures placed at 180° with interrupted sutures; approximately three stitches are placed at each side of the anastomosis. The proximal and distal holding sutures of the Silastic® splint are removed. The splint was left in, in our experience it did not hinder the flow of the bile. The suture material used was 8/0 silk with a BV2 needle (Ethicon, Germany). Commonly, there is not much discongruity between both duct sizes. Although insertion of a small open splint is not strictly necessary, in our experience it improved the success rate and did not interfere with the bile outflow during the 2-month observation period. Traction on the suture line can be abrogated by gluing the fistula to the surrounding tissue with tissue adhesive (Cyanoacrylat®, Ethicon, Germany).
Cell culture models of oral mucosal barriers: A review with a focus on applications, culture conditions and barrier properties
Published in Tissue Barriers, 2018
Lisa Bierbaumer, Uwe Yacine Schwarze, Reinhard Gruber, Winfried Neuhaus
Myoepithelial cells are associated with secretory endpieces and have an abundance of actin microfilaments which facilitate contraction; these contractions accelerate the outflow of saliva and contribute to the secretory pressure. Lining cells of the ducts are flat near the secretory endpiece and become more cuboidal in excretion direction. Lining cells function as a conduit for saliva. Together with striated ducts, lining cells may modify the salivary content with regard to electrolytes and immunoglobulin A.11 The striated ducts cells build a low columnar epithelium with eponymous basal striations. The striations are a highly infolded region of the basal plasma membrane. Mitochondria being abundant in these infolded regions, are typical for epithelial cells that actively transport electrolytes. Collecting ducts run between the lobes and transport the saliva to the main duct. In the main duct, the lining cells may vary, they can be pseudostatified columnar, stratified cuboidal or columnar, with a distinct basal layer, and a stratified squamous epithelium near the buccal orification.11
Oral mucosa grafting in periorbital reconstruction
Published in Orbit, 2018
Andre Grixti, Raman Malhotra
MSGs ranging from 1 to 5 mm in size, are predominantly present in the labial and buccal mucosa as well as the tongue base and posterior hard palate.80 In the lips, MSGs form a tightly packed continuous layer of single lobules between the quadratus labii and the labial mucosa.71 Labial MSGs are more numerous and surgically accessible than at other sites.72 MSGs develop from the upper respiratory ectoderm during the 12th gestational week as simple tubuloacinar units and are classified as exocrine glands. Compared to major salivary glands, the duct system of MSGs is less developed. The intercalated duct arising from the gland acinus tends to be longer, while the next segment of the duct system leading to the interlobular excretory duct, known as the striated duct is often absent. The short excretory duct transports saliva to the oral mucosa. MSGs secretions are mainly mucinous or seromucinous.80,81 MSGs have minimal or no sympathetic innervation and postganglionic parasympathetic innervation to the MSGs derived mainly from the lingual nerve, is primarily responsible for stimulating secretion.80
Preliminary application and evaluation of autograft reconstruction of parotid duct defect with submandibular gland duct for buccal cancer
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2020
Ruohuang Lu, Zhiqiang Xiao, Xincheng Guo, Pingping Gan
The submandibular gland duct has a similar microscopicic wall structure to that of the parotid duct. After a pathological process such as endometrial necrosis occurs after transplantation, the residual endometrial cells can repair the intima of the duct as soon as they obtain nutrients. Therefore, good patency was achieved and atrophy of the parotid gland was avoided. Our results also showed that the two groups had similar effects in the short-term follow-up; but, at the 6-month postoperative review, 45% of patients in the vein graft group had failed or bumpy angiography, whereas only 6% of patients in the submandibular gland ductal graft group had failed or bumpy angiography. Moreover, the VAS score of the parotid area was lower than that of the vein graft group, which showed that the transplant reconstruction effect was better.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Acinus
- Anatomy
- Breast
- Exocrine Gland
- Pancreas
- Physiology
- Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
- Simple Columnar Epithelium
- Submandibular Gland
- Simple Cuboidal Epithelium