Orthomolecular Parenteral Nutrition Therapy
Aruna Bakhru in Nutrition and Integrative Medicine, 2018
High blood pressure is another frequent component of metabolic disease. Some studies have been carried out to evaluate a potential usefulness of ALA in hypertension. With a hypothesis revolving around the role of the mitochondria and its derived oxidative stress in vascular disease, ALA was evaluated in combination with acetyl-L-carnitine in a double blind, crossover, placebo controlled trial (McMackin et al. 2007). In the group of 36 patients with previously known coronary artery disease, 8 weeks of the active treatment with this combination were able to induce a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure. This effect was more significant both in the subgroup of patients with blood pressure above the median and in the ones with metabolic syndrome. In addition to these functional changes, the active treatment also achieved a reduced arterial tone, interpreted from a significant increase in brachial artery diameter of 2.3%. The clinical utility of this preliminary finding, so as the confirmation of the effect in larger clinical trials is still awaited, according to the authors.
Diseases of the Nervous System
George Feuer, Felix A. de la Iglesia in Molecular Biochemistry of Human Disease, 2020
In most aminoacidurias only a few amino acids are excreted in urine. This selectivity is related to the presence of several enzymatic transport systems in the kidney. Separate mechanisms are associated with the transport of neutral monocarboxylic acids, acidic dicarboxylic acids (glutamic, aspartic), and basic diamino acids (arginine, ornithine, lysine). The imino acids (proline, hydroxyproline) are transported by mechanisms similar to that of glycine. Cystine shares the transport mechanism of basic amino acids, and methionine is probably transported by a separate system operating in the kidney. In several types of aminoaciduria, combinations may exist between the various transport mechanisms. Several amino acids can be elevated in the plasma as the result of lesions in hepatic enzymes with or without participation of renal transport mechanisms. This condition may represent the combination of an overflow and no-threshold aminoaciduria. In some cases, the defective metabolism of an amino acid in the liver and a defect in tubular reabsorption in the kidney results in both overflow and renal aminoaciduria. The various sites of defects can be located by the determination of the amino acid in the serum or plasma and in the urine. Elevated serum levels probably represent pure overflow, other types of aminoacidurias show increased urinary excretion. These screening procedures can be applied for the purpose of detection of the metabolic disorder in question. It is important to note that although aminoacidurias are primarily connected with enzyme defects in various organs, such as liver or kidney, mental retardation is very frequent in many of these disorders.
An Introduction to Metabolic Medicine
Michael M. Rothkopf, Jennifer C. Johnson in Optimizing Metabolic Status for the Hospitalized Patient, 2023
Other examples of nutritional disease prevention come from the control of inherited metabolic disease. In phenylketonuria, neurologic manifestations can be reduced or eliminated by avoiding dietary phenylalanine (Macleod and Ney 2010; Rocha and MacDonald 2016). Adding folate to the diets of pregnant women reduces the occurrence of neural tube defects (Ryan-Harshman and Aldoori 2008; Greenberg et al. 2011). A similar potential may exist for adding nicotinamide during gestation to prevent congenital defects of vertebral, anal, cardiac, tracheo-esophageal, renal and limb origin (Shi et al. 2017).
The role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in lipid metabolism of metabolic diseases
Published in International Reviews of Immunology, 2019
Yan Chen, Chun-Yan Yu, Wei-Min Deng
The definition of metabolic diseases includes all disorders that alter normal metabolism, the process of converting food to energy. Given the myriad enzymes and pathways involved in cellular metabolism, it is not surprising that metabolic diseases range from genetic diseases to lifestyle-related diseases [15]. Common metabolic diseases include obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, etc. The “re-discovery” of cancer as a metabolic disorder largely occurred in the last five years. However, there are very few studies about the roles of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the lipid metabolism of cancer, which may be a potential research hotspot in future cancer studies since plenty of preclinical studies have focused attention on inflammation as a possible mechanism linking obesity with increased tumor burden. A number of metabolic diseases like obesity, atherosclerosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), etc. have abnormal lipid metabolism. Therefore, in this review, on the one hand, we will discuss the effect of certain cytokines on the lipid metabolism of some non-cancer metabolic diseases; on the other hand, the influence of some cytokines (mainly including IL-6, TNF-α, IL-15 and IL-1) on lipid metabolism of cancer will also be briefly discussed. Based on the extent to which various cytokines have been reported and the closeness to lipid metabolism, we summarize recent decade progress of pro-inflammatory cytokines in lipid metabolism of both non-cancer metabolic diseases (Figure 1) and cancer (Figure 2).
Response to fumaric acid esters for plaque type psoriasis in real-world practice is largely independent of patient characteristics at baseline – a multivariable regression analysis from the German Psoriasis Registry PsoBest
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2022
Kristian Reich, Ulrich Mrowietz, Christina Sorbe, Ralph von Kiedrowski, Sebastian Diemert, Lisa Schaeffer, Natalia Kirsten, Nesrine Ben-Anaya, Matthias Augustin
Data on comorbidity are collected in PsoBest using prelisted diseases or disease clusters. Additional comorbidities may be recorded using free text. Cardiovascular disease (prelisted in the CRF) captures peripheral artery occlusive disease, heart failure, coronary heart disease, thrombosis, hypertension and cerebrovascular disease. Metabolic disease includes diabetes mellitus type I and type II, disorders of lipid metabolism and hyperuricemia. Psychiatric or addictive disease includes depression, sleep apnea syndrome (following the classification of system organ class of Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) at time of CRF development) and alcohol abuse. Liver disease encompasses liver cirrhosis, hepatic steatosis and chronic liver damage. Further details on the registry have been published before (25). The evaluation was carried out according to the Declaration of Helsinki, the EU directive on data protection and the guidelines of good clinical practice.
A patent update on cannabinoid receptor 1 antagonists (2015-2018)
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents, 2019
George Amato, Nayaab S Khan, Rangan Maitra
Recent patent activity shows that there continues to be strong interest in developing compounds that attenuate CB1 activation. The main disease targets are metabolic with a focus on liver diseases and diabetes, which are of growing concern and have limited treatment options. Other metabolic diseases being targeted include obesity and metabolic syndrome. Additional areas of interest include treatment of alcohol and drug abuse, pain, Parkinson’s disease, and Down syndrome. The assignees for these patents were mostly small companies and academic/research/non-profit institutions. Patents from Janssen, however, along with their acquisition of Bird Rock Bio’s Namacizumab (RYI-018 or JNJ-2463), a negative allosteric modulating CB1 antibody, shows that larger pharmaceutical companies might retain an interest in this target.
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