Hypothyroidism
Anita Sharma, Shauna Dixon, Tanya Claridge in Maximising Quality and Outcomes Framework Quality Points, 2017
The diagnosis of hypothyroidism relies on laboratory testing because the symptoms are non-specific and multi-systemic. Generally, a rise in thyroid-stimulating hormone with a low level of T4, low level of T3 gives the earliest guide to the onset of hypothyroidism. Prevalence of newly diagnosed overt hypothyroidism is 3-4 per 1000 and the probability of developing hypothyroidism increases with advancing age, reaching 14 per 1000 in women aged between 75 and 80. Hypothyroidism has a tendency to occur in clusters in families, especially in female relatives. Hypothyroidism is a relatively common condition and can be easily managed in the primary care sector. General practitioners know their patients well and can carry out regular monitoring of patients who are at high risk of hypothyroidism, for example, those who have had previous thyroid surgery and radioactive iodine treatment. In hypothyroidism secondary to deficiency of thyroid-stimulating hormone, measurement of free T4 is necessary to guide replacement.
Hypothyroidism
Nadia Barghouthi, Jessica Perini in Endocrine Diseases in Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period, 2021
Hypothyroidism is the most common form of thyroid dysfunction seen in pregnancy. Universal screening for hypothyroidism in pregnant patients is not recommended; however, patients at high risk should have their serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) measured either prior to pregnancy, by ninth-week gestation during pregnancy, or at their first obstetrical visit. Levothyroxine is the treatment of choice in pregnant patients with hypothyroidism, with a goal TSH < 2.5 mIU/L in the first trimester and
A Retrospective View of the Inherited Errors of the Thyroid System
Geraldo Medeiros-Neto in Inherited Disorders of the Thyroid System, 2019
On a summer morning in 1949, a call to the thyroid unit of the Massachussets General Hospital from the Ambulatory Pediatric Clinic requested help with a newly arrived patient. This proved to be a 16-year-old who was startling in appearance to say the very least. She sat in a crib screaming. She was obviously profoundly mentally deficient. A huge multilobed mass protruded from the space between her manubrium and chin. A careful examination disclosed every evidence of hypothyroidism, except that the region of the thyroid was warm to touch. A bruit and thrill confirmed the massive blood flow through the thyroid as did the huge vessels in relief below the surface of the skin of the anterior neck.
Massive pericardial effusion and rhabdomyolysis secondary to untreated severe hypothyroidism: the first report
Published in Acta Clinica Belgica, 2014
M. R. Zare-Khormizi, M. Rahmanian, F. Pourrajab, S. Akbarnia
Hypothyroidism is an endocrine disease with various clinical manifestations. It is a rare cause for rhabdomyolysis and massive pericardial effusion. We describe a case of severe hypothyroidism secondary to autoimmune hashimoto thyroiditis with massive pericardial effusion and rhabdomyolysis. Improvement of mentioned complications after hypothyroidism treatment and rule out of other possible causes are supportive clues that hypothyroidism is the main cause of patient’s rare presentation. With the best of our knowledge, it is the first report of rhabdomyolysis and massive pericardial effusion coincidence in a patient of adult population with primary uncontrolled hypothyroidism for years.
Compliance with Deferoxamine Therapy and Thyroid Dysfunction of Patients with β-Thalassemia Major in Syria
Published in Hemoglobin, 2019
M. Yousuf Yassouf, Faizeh Alquobaili, Younes Kabalan, Yasser Mukhalalaty
Hypothyroidism is one of the common endocrine complications described in patients with β-thalassemia major (β-TM). Studies have reported its incidence and severity depending on the region, quality of management and treatment protocols. The reported thyroid dysfunction includes overt hypothyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism and rarely, central hypothyroidism. The main aims of this study were to identify the incidence of hypothyroidism in 82 patients with β-TM in Syria, and also to evaluate the effect of compliance with deferoxamine (DFO) therapy on the patients’ thyroid function. Out of the 82 patients included in this study, 24 had subclinical hypothyroidism (29.27%) and one patient had overt hypothyroidism (1.22%). It was demonstrated by this study that noncompliance with DFO therapy increases the risk of thyroid dysfunction 6.38-times compared to compliance with DFO [risk ratio (RR) = 6.385; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 2.40-16.95)]. These results emphasize the importance of compliance with chelation therapy to minimize the burden of thyropathy on patients’ quality of life, and also augment the rationale for a routine follow-up and endocrine evaluation for early detection and management of these complications.
Acute Renal Failure: A Rare Presentation of Hypothyroidism
Published in Renal Failure, 2009
Vassilios Liakopoulos, Spyros Dovas, Theodora Simopoulou, Sotirios Zarogiannis, Myrto Giannopoulou, Panagiota Kourti, Spiros Arampatzis, Theodoros Eleftheriadis, Ioannis Stefanidis
Thyroid hormones affect the function of almost every body organ, and thyroid dysfunction produces a wide range of metabolic disturbances. Severe hypothyroidism is associated with significant effects on the kidney. The pathophysiology is thought to be multifactorial, while the exact mechanism remains unclear. Hypothyroidism as a cause of renal impairment is usually overlooked, leading to unnecessary diagnostic procedures. We describe two patients with acute renal failure due to severe hypothyroidism in whom thyroid hormone substitution therapy led to a significant improvement in renal function.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Mental Retardation
- Thyroid Diseases
- Thyroid Hormones
- Skin
- Myxedema
- Thiouracil
- Mucopolysaccharides