The Role of Physical Activity in the Development of Childhood Obesity *
Ronald R. Watson, Marianne Eisinger in Exercise and Disease, 2020
Energy expenditure can be measured by a variety of techniques. Direct calorimetry measures heat produced by the body, and indirect calorimetry measures energy expenditure via respiratory gas analysis. Although these methods are both accurate and precise, the main drawback is that energy expenditure can only be measured under sedentary conditions for small periods of time (hours) or longer (days) if whole body chambers are available. The doubly labeled water method is a relatively new research tool that allows accurate14 and precise15 measurement of energy expenditure over extended time periods (days to weeks) in subjects who are truly free-living (i.e., living in their normal environment and performing their regular activities). This method is an isotopic approach to indirect calorimetry that directly measures carbon dioxide production. With knowledge of an estimated 24-h food quotient from the composition of the diet, energy expenditure can be calculated. As reviewed elsewhere, the availability of the doubly labeled water technique is beginning to revolutionize our general understanding of the role of energy expenditure in regulating energy balance and energy requirements.16,17 The resurgence of information is based on the fact that energy expenditure can now be measured by a noninvasive, isotopic approach in which subjects can go about their normal habitual daily activities without constraints on their daily activities.
Current research and future hope
G. Michael Steelman, Eric C. Westman in Obesity, 2016
Likewise, attempts have been made to quantitate energy expenditure. A sensor to measure movement and posture on various areas of the body is the Intelligent Device for Energy Expenditure and Activity (IDEEA®). This device depends on computer analysis of the data collected and gives estimates of energy expenditure in agreement with metabolic chamber studies at greater than 95% accuracy (39). The IDEEA and activity monitors RT3 and SWA have been compared and show good agreement (40). Some have been validated against the doubly labeled water standard (41). Thus, although these new devices may still be more expensive than selfreport, reasonably accurate methods to judge food intake and physical activity that are less expensive than doubly labeled water are being developed. Clearly, more accurate estimates of food intake and energy expenditure will add to our knowledge of these areas and hopefully contribute to progress in lifestyle modification research.
Use of Doubly-Labeled Water Measured Energy Expenditure as a Biomarker of Self-Reported Energy Intake
Dale A. Schoeller, Margriet S. Westerterp-Plantenga in Advances in the Assessment of Dietary Intake, 2017
The use of doubly-labeled water measured energy expenditure as a biomarker of dietary energy intake has been extensive and continues. It is recognized as an accurate and quantitative biomarker for usual energy intake, although cost limits it use in large studies. Recently it has been an important tool for assessing the accuracy of new technology for the dietary assessment in free-living individuals, including many of the techniques reported in this text such as computer assisted dietary recall (Chapter 3), photographic diet diaries (Chapter 4), and swallowing and chewing monitors (Chapter 5). The doubly-labeled water is also an important research biomarker for studies designed to understand errors in the dietary assessment instruments (Chapter 2).
Physical activity recall assessment for people with spinal cord injury: Thai translation and cross-cultural adaptation
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2022
Aitthanatt Chachris Eitivipart, Mohit Arora, Camila Quel de Oliveira, Robert Heard, James W. Middleton, Glen M. Davis
The PARA-SCI has shown to be accurate for estimating energy expenditures in people with SCI when compared with the “gold standard” of physical activity assessment – 2H18O doubly-labeled water [5]. Advantages of using the PARA-SCI over other physical activity assessments are its specificity to a population with SCI, the shorter duration for application and data collection, as well as the content-rich details about the type of physical activities and exercise-specific behaviours. We chose to deploy the PARA-SCI in this study and in the following Thai national survey of physical activity because of its superiority over the Physical Activity Scale for Individuals with Physical Disabilities (PASIPD) survey [35] for SCI population. PARA-SCI also demonstrates stronger relationship to the 2H18O doubly-labeled water technique for total daily and physical activity energy expenditures (R2=0.74 and R2=0.50, respectively; p < 0.05) [5].
Physical activity measurement in people with spinal cord injury: comparison of accelerometry and self-report (the Physical Activity Recall Assessment for People with Spinal Cord Injury)
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2020
Jasmin K. Ma, Laura A. McCracken, Christine Voss, Franco H. N. Chan, Christopher R. West, Kathleen A. Martin Ginis
In recent years, the Physical Activity Recall Assessment for People with Spinal Cord Injury [6,7] (a comprehensive 3-day physical activity recall questionnaire guided by a structured interview) and accelerometers have been the two most widely used physical activity measures in SCI research [8–10]. Indeed, numerous validation studies have supported the appropriateness of their use in the SCI population. For example, criterion and convergent validity of the Physical Activity Recall Assessment for People with SCI have been demonstrated using indirect calorimetry and measures of strength and aerobic fitness, respectively [6,11]. Additionally, Tanhoffer et al. [12] assessed a range of self-report tools and objective trackers against energy expenditure measured via doubly labeled water – the reference standard to assess energy expenditure under free living conditions [13] – and found that the Physical Activity Recall Assessment for People with SCI performed best.
Hydration measured by doubly labeled water in ALS and its effects on survival
Published in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration, 2018
Connor N. Scagnelli, Diantha B. Howard, Mark B. Bromberg, Edward J. Kasarskis, Dwight E. Matthews, Hiroshi M. Mitsumoto, Zachary Simmons, Rup Tandan
The doubly labeled water (DLW) method reliably measures TBW and water turnover, a surrogate for intake in short-term weight stable individuals (20,21). We measured hydration using DLW in ALS patients and healthy controls matched on gender and ±2 years of age from our Clinical Research Center database. Our hypothesis was that dehydration would adversely affect survival. We compared TBW and water turnover in ALS patients from a National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) Health study cohort of nutrition (22) to that in controls. We developed equations to estimate TBW and water intake in patients and examined the validity of equations published by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) to estimate water intake in healthy adults (23,24), for use in ALS patients. We used the best predictive equations in a unique ‘clinic cohort’ of ALS patients followed in the National ALS Center clinic at the University of Vermont Medical Center to examine the effect of hydration on survival.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Carbon Dioxide
- Carbonic Anhydrase
- Deuterium
- Oxygen
- Respiratory Quotient
- Basal Metabolic Rate
- Hydrogen
- Field Metabolic Rate
- Heavy Water