Intelligent Approaches for Developing Knowledge-Based System for Diabetes Diet
Abdel-Badeeh M. Salem in Innovative Smart Healthcare and Bio-Medical Systems, 2020
On the other hand, knowledge-based expert systems (KBS) certainly became an essential tool for diagnosis and personalized treatments. They are widely used in domains where knowledge is more prevalent than data and that require heuristics and reasoning logic to derive new knowledge. The knowledge in a KBS is stored in a knowledge base that is separate from both the control and inference programs and can be represented by various formalisms, such as frames, Bayesian networks, and production rules. Recently, expert systems technology provides efficient tools for diagnosing diabetes and hence providing a sufficient treatment. The research in diabetic systems is important for both the medical staff and diabetes patients. An efficient tool for diagnosing diabetes and hence providing a sufficient treatment is urgently needed for helping both specialist doctors and patients.
Anti-Hyperglycemic Property Of Medicinal Plants
Amit Baran Sharangi, K. V. Peter in Medicinal Plants, 2023
Diabetes Mellitus or Diabetes is a metabolism malady resulting in under production or no production of insulin in our body due to which glucose metabolism in our body becomes faulty. Production of insulin occurs through the pancreatic gland in our body and responsible for glucose uptake and breakdown, thus in its absence glucose starts to build up in the body creating a metabolic disorder. Diabetes is epidemic in nature and highest prevalence of hyperglycemia has been reported among adults in North Africa and Middle East region, i.e., 10.9% whereas, highest number of adults has been diagnosed in the region of Western Pacific, i.e., 37.5% (Kharroubi and Darwish, 2015). It plays an important role as a contributor to ill health and premature death worldwide. In India, hyperglycemia was considered to be a disease of urban population as it was more common in cities due to lifestyle changes and gradual increase of junk and fast-food intake. Diabetes symptoms include increase thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, hunger, and blurred vision.
Health and Economic Burdens of Diabetes and Its Complications
Emmanuel C. Opara, Sam Dagogo-Jack in Nutrition and Diabetes, 2019
Studies in children and adolescents are sparse, but the few studies that have been done suggest that the incidence of depression range from 9% to 26% in that age group.22 General population risk factors for depression, such as female sex, marital status, childhood adversity, and social deprivation also play a role in the development of depression in individuals with diabetes.22 Interestingly, one study showed that there was an increased prevalence of depression in individuals with both undiagnosed, as well as diagnosed, diabetes.23 In addition, there are certain risk factors that are specific to individuals with diabetes.22 Although the cause is unclear, the rates of depression are higher among insulin users than individuals who are being treated with noninsulin medications, dietary, or lifestyle interventions.22
The necessary evolution of diabetes fellowships in the United States
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2021
Amber Healy, Jay Shubrook, Howard Feinberg, Sumera Ahmed
Diabetes mellitus is an expensive and complex chronic disease that is sometimes preventable and it has seen progression in the quality and quantity of management options. Costs have been estimated at 327 USD billion dollars per year, which is 1 USD for every 7 USD spent on healthcare in this country [1]. Despite decades of robust research in the field, we have neither learned to completely prevent nor cure diabetes mellitus. Further, only about half of people with diabetes achieve treatment targets [2]. Novel pharmacologic treatments continue to evolve for this complex chronic condition. Most people with diabetes are managed by primary care providers as the number of endocrinologists is not increasing to keep pace with the increasing rates of diabetes. Exacerbating the problem (i.e. increasing rates of diabetes and diabetes complexity), as early as 2002 the diabetes specialist was referred to as an endangered species within endocrinology owing to most endocrinologists specializing in thyroid and other glandular conditions [3]. While primary care is equipped to manage diabetes the specialty-trained providers for complex cases have not grown with the demand. This gap in resources is where the field of diabetology can aid our healthcare system by improving access and management of patients who have diabetes while helping to decrease the incidence of diabetic complications.
Extracellular vesicles in type 2 diabetes mellitus: key roles in pathogenesis, complications, and therapy
Published in Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, 2019
Yongwei Xiao, Lei Zheng, Xiaofeng Zou, Jigang Wang, Jianing Zhong, Tianyu Zhong
There are three major types of diabetes mellitus: type 1 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and gestational diabetes mellitus. Among these types of diabetes mellitus, T2DM has the greatest impact and accounts for approximately 90–95% of all diabetes types [10]. T2DM results from insulin resistance, defects in insulin secretion, or both [11]. However, the pathogenesis of T2DM is not yet fully elucidated and might involve multiple factors including family history, obesity, poor diet, as well as lack of exercise. Although the current therapeutic methods for this disease mainly include hypoglycaemic drugs, insulin, and other symptomatic treatment, these methods are still not effective in improving the patient’s condition. Therefore, more treatment alternatives are urgently needed for the clinical treatment of patients.
The role of resveratrol in diabetes and obesity associated with insulin resistance
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2023
Mustafa Hoca, Eda Becer, Hafize Seda Vatansever
Diabetes is a multifactorial, chronic metabolic disease with severe complications. Approximately 463 million (9.3%) people had diabetes in 2019. It is estimated that this number will reach 578 million (10.2%) and 700 million (10.9%) worldwide, by 2030 and 2045, respectively (Saeedi et al.2019). According to clinical symptoms and aetiology, diabetes is divided into different types, namely type 1, type 2 and gestational diabetes (International Diabetes Federation 2019). Type 1 diabetes is characterised by the autoimmune destruction of insulin producing pancreatic β-cells, which leads to the impairment of insulin secretion and the loss of glycaemic control. Inheritance, environmental factors and autoimmunity are the reasons for the destruction of pancreatic β-cells in type 1 diabetes. On the other hand, type 2 diabetes is related with both genetic makeup and environmental conditions, including a high calorie diet and low physical activity. Obesity is the main reason for insulin resistance and β-cell failure in type 2 diabetes (Schmidt and Duncan 2003). In general, the majority of people with type 2 diabetes are obese or overweight (Leitner et al.2017). Gestational diabetes can be identified as hyperglycaemia in pregnancy that is diagnosed by the first time during the pregnancy (International Diabetes Federation 2019).
Related Knowledge Centers
- Blurred Vision
- Diabetic Nephropathy
- Diabetic Neuropathy
- Diabetic Retinopathy
- Endocrine Disease
- Hyperglycemia
- Pancreas
- Cardiovascular Disease
- Polyuria
- Insulin