Disorders in tHemostasis System and Changes in the Rheological Properties of the Blood in Ischemic Heart Disease and Diabetes Mellitus Patients
E.I. Sokolov in Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus, 2020
This chapter examines disorders in tHemostasis system and shows the changes in the rheological properties of the blood in Ischemic heart disease and diabetes mellitus patients. Hemostasis is an evolutionally developed and genetically determined adaptation system of an organism. It includes an integrated unity of the various physiological constants of an organism that ensure the functions of the organism under conditions of stress. The regulation of the hemostasis system is a closed dynamic organization of central and peripheral mechanisms. Antithrombin III is the most powerful inhibitor of blood coagulation, it is synthesized by the endothelium and hepatocytes, is on the surface of the endothelial cells and in the blood, and is responsible for 75–90% of the spontaneous anticoagulant activity of the blood. The anticoagulating effect of heparin is aimed at inactivating thrombin, which is manifest only in the presence of antithrombin III.
Rheology of Diabetes Mellitus
Gordon D. O. Lowe in Clinical Blood Rheology, 2019
Few medical conditions have captured the imagination of the rheologist as vividly as diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus is widely regarded as a disorder which is associated with a relative or absolute deficiency of insulin. The Wells-Brookfield viscometer has been most commonly used to investigate whole blood viscosity in diabetes. In the face of varying technology, it is difficult to pool all the published data on erythrocyte rheology in diabetes mellitus and come out with a bold simple message. Abnormalities in red cell aggregation in diabetes have been reported by a number of groups. Atheroma is said to be more common in diabetes, but there is no accurate documentation of any increase in its incidence in large renal vessels. Circulatory insufficiency of the leg is a common finding in diabetics, indeed a patient with diabetes is 40 times more likely to suffer from gangrene of the lower extremity than his or her nondiabetic counterpart.
Overview of diabetes mellitus in pregnancy
Nadia Barghouthi, Jessica Perini in Endocrine Diseases in Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period, 2021
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex disorder, which is increasingly prevalent during pregnancy. Uncontrolled glucose levels during pregnancy significantly increase both maternal and fetal complications and pose potentially life-threatening risks to the patient and fetus. Appropriate diet, monitoring blood glucose levels, and medical management can improve glucose control in pregnancy. The prevalence of DM in women of reproductive age is increasing. Consequently, the number of women with preexisting diabetes who become pregnant is also rising. In women with normal glucose metabolism, fasting glucose levels are lower than in the nonpregnant state due to increased uptake of glucose by the fetus and placenta. Postprandial sugars tend to be slightly higher than average due to the early effects of diabetogenic hormones produced by the placenta. Insulins approved for use in pregnancy include detemir, neutral protamine Hagedorn, regular insulin, insulin aspart, and insulin lispro.
Diabetes mellitus and laboratory medicine in sub-Saharan Africa: challenges and perspectives
Published in Acta Clinica Belgica, 2019
Justin C. Cikomola, Antoine S. Kishabongo, Marijn M. Speeckaert, Joris R. Delanghe
Diabetes mellitus is an increasing public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa with a substantial socioeconomic burden. Although laboratory medicine has been recognized as one of the six key public health functions, there are still gaps in strengthening of laboratory services in developing countries. In the last decades, a lot of progress has been made in the diagnostic field of infectious diseases, whereas the diagnosis of noncommunicable diseases is still insufficient and uneven. This article analyses the challenges encountered in diagnosing and monitoring of diabetes mellitus in sub-Saharan Africa and explores new alternative diagnostic tools.
The effects of polycystic ovary syndrome on gestational diabetes mellitus
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2016
Hale Lebriz Aktun, Betul Yorgunlar, Mustafa Acet, Banu Kumbak Aygun, Nilay Karaca
The aim of this study was to explore the inter-relationship between polycystic ovary syndrome and gestational diabetes mellitus, and demonstrate maternal and fetal outcomes. This was a case-control study in 1360 pregnant women who received a diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus between 24 and 28 weeks of gestational age. Among all diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus, 150 pregnant women had received a polycystic ovary syndrome, and 160 women who did not have polycystic ovary syndrome were designated as controls. The incidence of pregnancy-induced hypertension was 26.3% and 12% in the case and control groups, respectively. Preeclampsia was seen at an incidence of 12% and 6% in case and in control groups, respectively. The difference in neonatal hypoglycemia between the two groups was statistically significant, with an incidence of 17% and 5% in the case and in control groups, respectively. This study demonstrated that the presence of polycystic ovary syndrome along with gestational diabetes mellitus increases the risk of pregnancy induced hypertension by 2.4 fold, preeclampsia by 2 fold and neonatal hypoglycemia by 3.2 fold, compared to gestational diabetes mellitus alone.
Influence of low-level laser on pain and inflammation in type 2 diabetes mellitus with diabetic dermopathy – A case report
Published in Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, 2017
Animesh Hazari, Shivashankara K. N, Karthik K. Rao, Arun G. Maiya
Numerous skin lesions have been commonly observed in individuals with diabetes mellitus. The common skin manifestations of diabetes mellitus are erythrasma, xanthomatosis, xanthelasma, phycomycetes and cutaneous infections like furuncolosis, candidiasis, carbuncle, dermatophytosis, etc. Diabetic dermopathy is the most common skin lesion found in patients with diabetes. It is typically seen in men aged above 50 years. In low-level laser therapy (LLLT), the entire lower limb was illuminated with the frequency of 20 Hz and wavelength of 830 nm for 9 min, and the treatment was divided into four parts. With the continued sessions of LLLT, the skin manifestations and neuropathy conditions improved drastically. On the 21st day, the skin colour was found to be normal. Also, there were significant changes in clinical findings for diabetic peripheral neuropathy. LLLT with specific exercises can promote healing of skin manifestations in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. It can be used as an effective treatment modality for treating diabetic dermopathy.
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