Musculoskeletal system
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha in Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
Strontium ranelate is a restricted treatment of severe osteoporosis, and a treatment that is considered in post-menopausal women and men with a high risk of fracture. However, it should not be considered in patients with ischaemic heart disease, peripheral arterial disease, cerebrovascular disease or in patients with uncontrolled hypertension. Its anabolic agent encourages bone remodelling while slowing down the process of bone reabsorption. Strontium is similar to calcium in its absorption in the gut, action on bone and elimination via the kidneys. Strontium ranelate is the only treatment proven to prevent vertebral fractures in women over 80 years. Poor treatment compliance is reported with strontium ranelate due to its side-effects, which include diarrhoea and headaches. This treatment is a suspension that is taken orally.
Sport and the Systematic Infliction of Pain
Sigmund Loland, Berit Skirstad, Ivan Waddington in Pain and Injury in Sport, 2006
The above list of side effects was associated with anabolic steroid use. However, other, experimental drugs were also used, the side effects of which were not known. Athletes did discuss secretly among themselves some of the side effects which they experienced and, in particular, the possible effects on any children they might have. Psychological and behavioural disturbances were also noted by the victims: an increase of aggression, libido change, strong mood alterations (for example, mood swings between euphoria and depression) and mental disorder. The enlargement of the male breast caused mental problems for men and, for women, virilization and hirsutism (growth of beard and hair on the body) caused many more problems. Pain, injury and fear about what was happening to their bodies were a part of the sporting life of high-level athletes, as a consequence of the enforced use of performance-enhancing drugs.
Power and power endurance: the explosive sports
Nick Draper, Helen Marshall in Exercise Physiology, 2014
While more recent controlled evidence suggests that anabolic steroid usage, in conjunction with strength training, can increase muscle size and improve strength, their side-effects, illegality, and contravention of the rules of sport make their use highly questionable. There are high risks involved in their procurement and usage. The illegal nature of steroids, other than by prescription, means it is impossible to know the true origin and content of a purchased product and as such self-administration is highly questionable. As an athlete, the risks of getting caught through the development of new testing procedures, and the seriousness with which steroid use is looked upon by most governing bodies of sport, regardless of the morality of taking steroids to enhance sports performance, make steroid use a potentially career-ending, if not life-threatening, decision.
Abaloparatide: an anabolic treatment to reduce fracture risk in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis
Published in Current Medical Research and Opinion, 2020
Paul D. Miller, John P. Bilezikian, Lorraine A. Fitzpatrick, Bruce Mitlak, Eugene V. McCloskey, Felicia Cosman, Henry G. Bone
In addition, the efficacy of ABL compared with ALN has been indirectly examined in a post hoc analysis of ACTIVE and ACTIVExtend, in which the effectiveness of ABL treatment in ACTIVE was compared with ALN treatment in ACTIVExtend in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis61. Cross-group comparison of the incidence of new vertebral fractures between the ABL group during ACTIVE and the PBO/ALN group during ACTIVExtend showed a significant decrease with initial treatment with ABL versus initial treatment with ALN. These findings further support the use of the anabolic agent prior to the antiresorptive agent in sequential treatment. Both short-term and long-term results were better with treatment initiated with ABL and followed by ALN, than with primary ALN treatment.
Activity-based reporter assays for the screening of abused substances in biological matrices
Published in Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 2019
Annelies Cannaert, Marthe Vandeputte, Sarah M. R. Wille, Christophe P. Stove
A worrying common feature of NPS and designer steroids is that no or only a limited amount of data are available about the safety of these substances. The use of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists has been associated with agitation, nausea/vomiting, kidney failure, cardiovascular problems, and psychological disorders as well as death (Fantegrossi et al. 2014; Hermanns-Clausen et al. 2013; Abouchedid et al. 2017; Ford et al. 2017). The use of synthetic opioids has been associated with opioid intoxications and numerous deaths due to the high potency and small therapeutic window of these compounds (EMCDDA 2018). Also anabolic steroid use causes a lot of side effects, such as cardiovascular disease, liver damage, virilization, and gynecomasty. Remainders of growth promoting agents in consumer products may have inadvertent effects as well. The health issues posed by these compounds often present serious problems for amateur bodybuilders and recreational athletes misusing steroids, even more so than for professional athletes, because of the insufficient medical attendance and supervision (Zierau et al. 2008).
Total training load may explain similar strength gains and muscle hypertrophy seen in aged rats submitted to resistance training and anabolic steroids
Published in The Aging Male, 2018
Walter Krause Neto, Wellington de Assis Silva, Adriano Polican Ciena, Danilo Bocalini, Ricardo Aparecido Baptista Nucci, Carlos Alberto Anaruma, Eliane Florencio Gama
The association between TP and resistance training allowed a significant increase in several parameters. The maximum carrying load capacity and the number of climbs increased significantly. Absolute and relative loads increased 115% and 161% at the end of training time. The average total (100%), average climbing (108%), relative (134%) and relative climbing (139%) volumes increased significantly between the INITIAL and FINAL sessions. Of these parameters, the relative load and the total relative volume per climb were statistically higher in RTA than RT. These results allowed a significant increase of CSA of the type I and II muscle fibers of the soleus and plantaris muscles. Lambert et al. [45] agree that the combination of exogenous testosterone and resistance training leads to greater gains in muscle mass. In agreement, Bhasin et al. [46,47] demonstrated that the combination of resistance training and anabolic steroid use is effective in increasing muscle mass and strength. Interestingly, our data demonstrate that both the combination of resistance training and testosterone, as well as individual therapy, were not different from each other. It is known that testosterone acts via interaction with its respective receptor (AR), so resistance training is able to increase the expression of AR mRNA, enhancing the effects of its administration [48].
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