An Agenda for Action III: Treatment, Evaluation, and Research
Barry Stimmel in Drug Abuse and Social Policy in America, 2014
Detoxification centers available on a “walk-in” basis have been often criticized as a “revolving door approach” to addiction, as the recidivism rate is extremely high. Detoxification, however, does have several benefits to both the user and to the public. It can provide relief to a person dependent on illicit drugs without exposing either the individual or the public to the antisocial behavior needed to obtain money to support a habit. If even a superficial therapeutic relationship during detoxification can be established, it may allow one to become more amenable to consider a more long-lasting and productive relationship. During detoxification, existing medical problems can be identified and appropriately addressed. By allowing the individual to attempt to go it on his/her own and fail, it may emphasize the need for additional assistance.
Whole Medical Systems
Hilary McClafferty in Integrative Pediatrics, 2017
The ultimate aim of the Ayurveda therapy is to restore the body system’s harmony and balance. Prior to receiving a prescription for herbal medicines, the patient usually undergoes body cleansing and detoxification because it is believed that the body must be cleansed so that the herbs or compounds can do their job properly. Detoxification is done through various techniques including laxatives, fasting, sinuses cleansing, vomiting and medicated enemas. This process of detoxification is usually called panchakarma by the practitioners. The process of panchakarma is very intensive and may last for weeks in order to make the body ready for Ayurveda treatment. During this treatment the patient is also given heat treatments and massages to relax their nervous system. Once the purification is done, different herbal remedies are used alternately with mineral remedies to restore the body balance (Mukherjee et al. 2012).
Narcotic Addiction
Mark S. Gold, R. Bruce Lydiard, John S. Carman in Advances in Psychopharmacology: Predicting and Improving Treatment Response, 2018
There has been more chaos than consensus concerning the incidence and prevalence of various psychiatric disorders or symptom clusters in drug addicts. Confusing the picture even more is the effect of methadone on any underlying emotional problems. Does methadone lead to depression or improve it? Does it suppress the symptoms of schizophrenia to some degree or worsen such symptoms? Does narcotic detoxification produce depression or unmask depression? The presentation of psychopathology with patients maintained on methadone may be quite different from that when the same patient is on a very low dose or when not on methadone. At times, immediately following withdrawal, there may be an emergence of symptomatology even where the detoxification has been slow and stress has been minimal. Is this a withdrawal phenomenon or the reemergence of a self-medicated syndrome. Symptoms of panic-anxiety, depression, psychosis, or mania have been observed under such circumstances. This chapter will review what is currently known about the use of psychotropic drugs in the treatment of methadone-maintained patients.
Mycotoxin patulin in food matrices: occurrence and its biological degradation strategies
Published in Drug Metabolism Reviews, 2019
Marina Sajid, Sajid Mehmood, Yahong Yuan, Tianli Yue
In biological control, the beneficial microorganisms are used to prevent or reduce the production of patulin in a food commodity. Biological degradation of patulin, using microorganisms such as yeast, bacteria, and fungi, is a well-known control method having no adverse effects on food quality. The biological control methods are a choice to reduce or eliminate the contamination of patulin in food and feed as an efficient, specific and environment-friendly strategy. Through biological means, the removal of patulin is of two types: the first one is the detoxification or degradation, and the second one is adsorption. Detoxification is a chemical modification process to inactivate or reduce the toxicity of mycotoxin. On the other hand, adsorption is the process of binding or removal of mycotoxin from solution (Ioi et al. 2017).
The effect of perceived social support on quality of life in Turkish men with alcohol, opiate and cannabis use disorder
Published in Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse, 2023
Nazli Ates, Basak Unubol, Engin Emrem Bestepe, Rabia Bilici
One hundred and thirtyone patients who were hospitalized at Addiction Clinic of Istanbul Erenkoy Psychiatric and Neurological Diseases Training and Research Hospital in Turkey, between January 2015 and November 2015 and diagnosed as alcohol, opiate and synthetic cannabinoid use disorder were included in the study. This unit is the inpatient treatment center for detoxification of substance addicts such as alcohol, opium, cannabis and other (cocaine, other psychostimulants, inhalants, etc.). Treatment costs of the patients are covered by the state health insurance and no additional funding was used in the study. Depending on the substance to which the individual is dependent, detoxification is provided by pharmacological treatments. In addition to pharmacological treatment, psychosocial support is provided at the center, and the mean duration of hospitalization is 3 weeks. The study was approved by the Erenköy Scientific Research Center, which is an ethics committee of the hospital.
Treatment of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and DNA injury with N-acetylcysteine at simulative pesticide toxicity in fish
Published in Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 2021
Muhammed Atamanalp, Veysel Parlak, Fatma Betül Özgeriş, Aslı Çilingir Yeltekin, Arzu Ucar, Mevlüt Sait Keleş, Gonca Alak
In the obtained results the high chrome (Cr) level in the kidney and liver is considered as a evidence of the damage in these tissues (Kahvecioğlu et al. 2003). This situation has coincided with tissues’ high MDA levels in this stuy. In addition, the level of zinc (Zn), which is effective in the respiratory mechanism was too high in gills compared to other tissues. This was a result of gills’ destruction which are fish gas exchange organs (Çetinkaya 1998). The copper (Cu), which is considered as an indicator of liver destruction, has been obtained high in the liver and followed by kidneys and gills (Ucar and Yeğın 2017). Cobalt (Co) raise in kidney tissues is caused by the fact that this element is mostly bound to plasma proteins and spreading from kidneys to body tissues (Gal et al. 2008). As a matter of fact, this mechanism is thought to be effective in the differences in liver tissues that acts in detoxification with kidneys.
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