Cholinergic Agonists
Sahab Uddin, Rashid Mamunur in Advances in Neuropharmacology, 2020
General supportive measures include the following: Exposure needs to be terminated by removal of the patient. If the atmosphere remains contaminated, a gas mask may be useful.Contaminated clothing to be removed and destructed. Contaminated skin or mucous membrane to be washed vigorously with water or gastric lavage may be used.Patient airway maintenance, including endobronchial aspiration. Artificial respiration may be provided.Diazepam may be used for alleviation of persistent convulsions (5–10 mg, intravenously).Treatment of shock (Brunton, 2011).
Death and Dying for Patients Who Are Not Their Own Decision-makers
Robert M. Veatch, Laura K. Guidry-Grimes in The Basics of Bioethics, 2019
One physician, who had an unusual capacity to understand the nature of the choices involved, was able to be more specific. He refused life-sustaining treatments in the event of a cerebral vascular accident, but then excluded “cerebral vascular accidents of the subarachnoid space.” Another physician, in his advance directive, rejected artificial respiration to prolong life: “if I have lost the ability to breathe for more than two or three (not five or six) minutes.” Most of us would not know the difference between three and five minutes of anoxia well enough to write such specific instructions. It is for problems such as this that a proxy who understands the patient’s values is often needed.
Antagonists at Muscarinic Cholinergic Receptors
Kenneth J. Broadley in Autonomic Pharmacology, 2017
Treatment of poisoning, where poison has been taken orally, should also include limitation of absorption from the gut, by emptying the stomach. Ice packs will help to reduce the fever. If atropine poisoning has progressed to the central excitation stage with hallucination and delerium, diazepam is suitable to control convulsions and for sedation. However, this should be avoided if the later stages of poisoning, associated with depression and coma, have been reached. At this stage, artificial respiration may be necessary.
The protection of resveratrol and its combination with glibenclamide, but not berberine on the diabetic hearts against reperfusion-induced arrhythmias: the role of myocardial KATP channel
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2019
Salih T. Kaya, Omer Bozdogan, Talat O. Ozarslan, Eylem Taskin, Didem Eksioglu, Firdevs Erim, Tulin Firat, Selcuk Yasar
On Day 43, the protocols for in vivo rat model of I/R-induced arrhythmias were performed as previously described in detail (Gonca and Darici 2015). Briefly, rats were anesthetised by intraperitoneal injection of urethane (1.2 g/kg). Tracheotomy was performed for artificial respiration. The right carotid artery was cannulated and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) was recorded (Biopac Systems Inc., Goleta, CA; Turkey Distributor Commat, Ankara, Turkey). The chest was opened by left thoracotomy. After incision of pericardium, 6-min ischemia were performed by tying a knot on the left coronary artery ∼2 mm from its origin by a 5/0 silk suture, followed by 6-min reperfusion by releasing the knot. A standard limb lead II ECG was recorded by using subcutaneous needle electrodes to monitor electrical activities and arrhythmias by using a data acquisition system (MP30, Biopac Systems Inc.).
Hypnosis and end-stage renal disease: Review and treatment
Published in American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 2020
Although not extensive, there are some examples of successful individualized psychotherapy using hypnosis for dialysis patients. Dy and Fabbri (1972) treated a very anxious, multisymptomatic woman. She was admitted to the hospital in great distress and diagnosed with Goodpasture’s syndrome, a rare autoimmune disease in which antibodies attack the basement membrane in lungs and kidneys, leading to bleeding from the lungs and kidney failure. She was started on dialysis and became so dyspneic that she had to be tracheotomized and given 100% oxygen. She anxiously demanded oxygen whenever she was awake. The staff observed that she could be off oxygen while asleep without suffering from dyspnea. This unusual dependency on artificial respiration suggested a role for multiple psychological factors. Using an alternating tension and relaxation induction, she was given calming suggestions to imagine a peaceful, relaxing tranquil scene. She chose a warm beach. Suggestions were then made (a) to allow herself to breathe slowly and deeply, to feel the invigorating, refreshing air that was flowing into her lungs, (b) to feel better and more relaxed (post hypnotically), and (c) to enter a trance quickly in the future sessions. Out of trance, she was instructed to continue practicing the relaxation exercises several times each day. Eventually, she learned to perform the exercises on her own and was weaned off the oxygen which, originally, she said she needed desperately. Three months after admission, she was discharged.
3D motion strategy for online volumetric thermometry using simultaneous multi-slice EPI at 1.5T: an evaluation study
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2023
Valéry Ozenne, Pierre Bour, Baudouin Denis de Senneville, Bruno Quesson
The acquisition was tested on a single volunteer, his respiratory pattern was regular but somewhat rapid (0.33 Hz). Significant motions up to (20 mm) were compensated by the motion algorithm. Knowing that the liver ablation may be done under respiratory assistance, the current case can be considered as more complicated than under artificial respiration. Due to the presence of a significant phase, the temporal standard deviation was strongly affected at the liver-lung-heart interface, such an effect could have been compensated by better shimming. Nevertheless, acceptable temperature uncertainty (∼2 °C) were found for all acquisition in an ROI located at the center of the liver. The 3D workflow increases the temperature uncertainty in MB as the temporal resolution (1.43 s) was half of the respiratory rate. For the MB2 acceleration, the application of the 3D workflow was found both favorable and unfavorable depending on the location.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Breathing
- Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
- Coma
- Respiration
- Surgery
- General Anaesthesia
- Mechanical Ventilation
- Ventilator
- Major Trauma
- Mouth-to-Mouth Resuscitation