Latency in Tuberculosis
Arthur Newsholme in The Prevention of Tuberculosis, 2015
Gresswell in 1886 brought forward certain facts which appeared to show that diphtheria in certain individuals may become a chronic disease, and from time to time enter upon an active and infectious phase. The author collected similar evidence of cases of diphtheria, and occasionally also of scarlet fever, in which the infection persisted for very long periods, and subsequently reappeared after intervals of considerable length. The analogy between these exceptional conditions and tuberculosis is obvious. The author illustrates prolonged latency between the last known exposure to infection and the occurrence of an attack of pulmonary tuberculosis. The clinical occurrence, both in tuberculosis and in other infective diseases, of prolonged secondary latency. The lesion may become encapsulated and so remain for years without producing manifest clinical symptoms. Tuberculous lesions may have long periods of latency in animals and man. The clinical evidence of this phenomenon in tuberculosis and in diphtheria is strongly confirmed by bacteriological evidence concerning other diseases.
Scarlet fever and belladonna
Dinesh Kumar Jain in Homeopathy, 2022
Hahneman recommended belladonna for the treatment of scarlet fever in an infinitesimal dose because it produces fever. In 1838, the Prussian government ordered doctors to use belladonna in small doses against the epidemics of scarlet fever because it was effective. Hahnemann used belladonna for scarlet fever because it produces fever. In 1838, the Prussian government ordered doctors to use belladonna in small doses against the epidemics of scarlet fever because it was effective. Treatment of scarlet fever by belladonna also created confusion in the mind of Hahnemann. Hahnemann used belladonna for scarlet fever because it produces fever. “In 1838 Prussian Government ordered the doctors of the country to use belladonna in small doses against the epidemics of scarlet fever”. However some physicians had opposed the Hahnemann by saying about “smallness of the dose”. The observation of Hahnemann that belladonna causes an increase in body temperature was correct.
Gastroenterology and hepatology
Fazal-I-Akbar Danish in Essential Lists of Differential Diagnoses for MRCP with diagnostic hints, 2017
Red pharynx and tonsils: 1 Viral infection (viral tonsillitis; infectious mononucleosis – also called glandular fever – caused by Epstein–Barr virus). 2 Bacterial infection (acute follicular tonsillitis complicated by quinsy, retropharyngeal abscess or scarlet fever; meningococcal meningitis). 3 Agranulocytosis (e.g. caused by carbimazole).
Syndromic surveillance models using Web data: The case of scarlet fever in the UK
Published in Informatics for Health and Social Care, 2012
Loukas Samaras, Elena García-Barriocanal, Miguel-Angel Sicilia
Recent research has shown the potential of Web queries as a source for syndromic surveillance, and existing studies show that these queries can be used as a basis for estimation and prediction of the development of a syndromic disease, such as influenza, using log linear (logit) statistical models. Two alternative models are applied to the relationship between cases and Web queries in this paper. We examine the applicability of using statistical methods to relate search engine queries with scarlet fever cases in the UK, taking advantage of tools to acquire the appropriate data from Google, and using an alternative statistical method based on gamma distributions. The results show that using logit models, the Pearson correlation factor between Web queries and the data obtained from the official agencies must be over 0.90, otherwise the prediction of the peak and the spread of the distributions gives significant deviations. In this paper, we describe the gamma distribution model and show that we can obtain better results in all cases using gamma transformations, and especially in those with a smaller correlation factor.
Infections as a risk factor for Parkinson's disease: a case–control study
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2013
Hristina Vlajinac, Eleonora Dzoljic, Jadranka Maksimovic, Jelena Marinkovic, Sandra Sipetic, Vladimir Kostic
Objectives: The etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is unknown. The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that some infectious diseases are related to the occurrence of PD. Methods: The case–control study, conducted in Belgrade during the period 2001–2005, comprised 110 subjects diagnosed for the first time as PD cases, and 220 controls chosen among patients with degenerative joint disease and some diseases of the digestive tract. Results: According to logistic regression analysis, PD was significantly related to mumps [odds ratio adjusted on occupation and family history of PD (aOR) = 7.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.77–16.36], scarlet fever (aOR = 12.18, 95% CI = 1.97–75.19), influenza (aOR = 8.01, 95% CI = 4.61–13.92), whooping cough (aOR = 19.90, 95% CI = 2.07–190.66) and herpes simplex infections (aOR = 11.52, 95% CI = 2.25–58.89). Tuberculosis, measles and chicken pox were not associated with PD. Other infectious diseases we asked for were not reported (12 diseases), or were too rare (four diseases) to be analysed. Conclusion: The results obtained are in line with the suggestion that some infectious diseases may play a role in the development of PD.
Decrease in the Concentrations of Transforming Growth Factor-beta 1 in the Sera of Patients with Kawasaki Disease
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology, 1997
T. Matsubara, Y. Umezawa, S. Tsuru, T. Motohashi, K. Yabuta, S. Furukawa
Kawasaki disease (KD) is one of the most important forms of vasculitis, and is characterized by the initiation of a proinflammatory cytokine cascade. To further characterize the immunological profile of KD, we measured the serum levels of transforming growth factor-betal (TGF-β1) as a regulatory cytokine. We determined the concentration of TGF-β1 in the sera of the patients with KD, anaphylactoid purpura (AP), and scarlet fever, using a sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The serum levels of TGF-β1 were decreased in patients with KD, but not in patients with AP or scarlet fever during the acute stage. We found an inverse correlation between TGF-fil and soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor levels in KD patients during the acute and subacute stage. Decreased levels of TGF-pl, in particular to suppress TNF alpha (TNF-α) production, is an important part of the regulatory system of increased TNF-α production which cause vasculitis.
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