Cicatricial alopecias: Pathogenesis, classification, clinical features, diagnosis, and management
Jerry Shapiro, Nina Otberg in Hair Loss and Restoration, 2015
Infections of the scalp, especially fungal infections, can be highly inflammatory and therefore may lead to cicatricial alopecia. Favus is a specific type of tinea capitis characterized by patelliform scales (scutula), which are sulfuric-yellow concretions of hyphae and skin debris in the follicular orifices and exhibit a distinct malodorant smell. A kerion is a deep, highly inflammatory fungal i nfection of the scalp. It presents as a highly suppurative, boggy, nodular, deep folliculitis with fistulas and pus secretion. To establish a diagnosis, hair shafts should be plugged out and cultured, as well as examined after KOH preparation. Favus and kerion may lead to scarring hair loss and should therefore be treated aggressively [133–136]. Microsporum canis can be diagnosed with the help of Wood’s lamp examination and shows green fluorescence (Figure 6.29).
Mycoses
Aimilios Lallas, Enzo Errichetti, Dimitrios Ioannides in Dermoscopy in General Dermatology, 2018
Tinea capitis (TC) is a common infection of the scalp caused by dermatophyte fungi occurring predominantly in children, with a great variability about epidemiology, etiology, and distribution according to different geographic areas.6–8 Several different species of fungi may be responsible, predominantly Microsporum and Trichophyton spp.9Microsporum canis, a zoophilic (acquired from animals) dermatophyte, is the prevalent organism in Europe and United States; in urban communities, the infection due to Trichophyton tonsurans, an antropophilic (passed from person to person) dermatophyte, is also spreading due to the immigration phenomenon.10,11 Risk factors include promiscuity, poor hygiene, and direct contact with pets.12,13
Apiaceae Plants Growing in the East
Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa in Ethnopharmacology of Wild Plants, 2021
The EO of aerial parts also shows an interesting antifungal activity against Microsporum canis and oral Candida albicans. The major antifungal constituents are 2-Hexen-1-ol, 3-hexen-1-ol and cyclohexane. Interestingly, a combination of these compounds exhibited a synergistic effect (Furletti et al. 2011). The oil and linalool also reduce aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) synthesis by Aspergillus flavus (Lasram et al. 2019). The antibacterial, antifungal, antiaflatoxinogenic antioxidant and lipid peroxidation inhibitory effects of coriander make it an excellent candidate in food and cosmetic preservation, supporting its traditional use as meat, flour and food additive to prevent food-borne diseases and food spoilage (Darughe et al. 2012, Khan et al. 2013).
The association of isoconazole–diflucortolone in the treatment of pediatric tinea corporis
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2018
Stefano Veraldi, Rossana Schianchi, Paolo Pontini, Alberto Gorani
Tinea corporis is a common mycotic infection in children. Transmission is due to contacts with animals, humans, and soil. Microsporum canis, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Microsporum gypseum are the species more frequently involved. Latency time ranges from one to three weeks. The face and upper limbs are usually involved. Tinea corporis presents with a single round or oval erythematous lesion, with scales in the center and well defined, vescicular borders. Pruritus is usually mild to moderate (1). Staphylococcus aureus superinfections may be observed in atopic children suffering from severe pruritus and consequent scratching. We present the results of a sponsor-free study about the use of the topical association isoconazole–diflucortolone in children with tinea corporis.
Drug discovery through the isolation of natural products from Burkholderia
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 2021
Adam Foxfire, Andrew Riley Buhrow, Ravi S. Orugunty, Leif Smith
Following intraperitoneal administration of Cpb or Cpb iron chelate in mice at 100 mg/kg of body weight, Itoh et al. [38] found no death indicating low toxicity. Barker et al. [37] corroborated this finding, although the copper complex was significantly more toxic and had an LD50 of 50 mg/kg of body weight. Cpb had no efficacy against a systemic or cutaneous C. albicans infections in mice. Similar results were met when testing Cpb against a subcutaneous Trichomonas vaginalis infection in mice. Topical treatment using a copper complex of Cpb, in a cutaneous Microsporum canis infection model in guinea pigs, proved as effective as 1% tolnaftate positive control [37]. Additional investigations are needed to understand the cause for the lack of activity of Cpb in vivo.
Zoonotic fungal diseases and animal ownership in Nigeria
Published in Alexandria Journal of Medicine, 2018
Adebowale I. Adebiyi, Daniel O. Oluwayelu
Several studies have indicated that domestic animals (including cats, dogs, sheep, goats, pigs, rabbits, horses, donkeys, ducks and chickens) constitute important reservoir of human dermatophytic infections in Nigeria.21,26–32 The most common agents of infection identified were the zoophilic species: Microsporum canis, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and T. verrucosum. In addition, these studies revealed that close interactions of humans with domestic animals through nomadic lifestyle, animal farming, domestic livestock keeping or pet ownership promote the prevalence of dermatophytic infections.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Leukemoid Reaction
- Tinea Capitis
- Tinea Corporis
- Dermatophytosis
- Pathogen
- Teleomorph, Anamorph & Holomorph
- Pteridine
- Hair Perforation Test
- Exothrix
- Acute